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零售企业陷入困境后 为何总是他们出手“接盘”?

王晨瑾 2026-01-28 09:00
王晨瑾 2026/01/28 09:00

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文章揭示了零售企业困境中国资平台介入的普遍现象及其背后的干货信息。

1.国资介入案例:如美特好破产重整由神农投资托管,河北365集团与禄发实业合作等,这些企业均为区域龙头(如红旗连锁销售170.55亿元、门店3447家),旨在维护民生和战略发展。

2.企业困境原因:传统大型商超模式面临结构性挑战,包括重资产(5000平以上面积、过万SKU导致高成本)、消费变化(理性消费导向“性价比”,体验成为决策关键),以及外部冲击如硬折扣店(盒马超盒算NB新增200家门店)和即时零售(阿里、美团优化配送)。

3.自救措施:企业通过业态创新(如中百集团推“小百惠”折扣店、华润万家“餐超一体化”)和学习胖东来(调整商品结构、优化空间、提高员工待遇),但需注意模仿风险(永辉超市“胖改”后亏损加剧)。

4.关键启示:企业需平衡自身资源与市场环境,回归零售本质,切实回应消费者需求才能破局。

消费趋势和用户行为变化为品牌策略提供重要启示。

1.消费趋势转向理性消费,“性价比”和“质价比”成为市场主导,影响品牌定价和产品研发;例如硬折扣店通过精简SKU和打造自有品牌满足需求,品牌可借鉴优化产品线。

2.用户行为观察:消费者选择增多(电商、即时零售挤压传统商超),体验成为决策关键,品牌需关注购物环境和服务流程短板;胖东来逆势增长(2025年销售额235.31亿元,同比增长38.71%)源于商品结构调整(增加生鲜熟食占比)和自有品牌引入。

3.品牌渠道建设:外部业态如硬折扣店快速扩张,提供新渠道机会;品牌商可参考案例(如盒马超盒算NB门店增长)调整渠道策略。

4.风险提示:盲目模仿可能“水土不服”(永辉超市亏损加剧),品牌需基于自身基因创新。

零售行业变化带来政策解读、机会和风险提示。

1.政策解读:国资介入(如美特好托管)体现社会责任(保障民生供应链、200个就业岗位/商超)和战略发展(盘活门店网络资源),卖家可关注合作方式如主动转型(红旗连锁借力国资)或被动纾困。

2.增长市场与机会:消费需求变化(理性消费兴起)催生新商业模式如折扣店(联华超市开出13家)、餐超一体化;可学习点包括业态创新和胖东来模式(优化商品陈列、员工待遇)。

3.风险提示:企业面临流动性危机(河北365集团资金链断裂、美特好储值卡挤兑)、外部冲击(硬折扣店、即时零售挤压),卖家需规避盲目扩张。

4.扶持政策:国资提供信用背书和融资支持,卖家可寻求类似合作;案例显示,主动转型企业(如宏蔬股份引入国资)更易提升竞争力。

零售变革揭示产品生产和商业机会。

1.产品生产需求:折扣店模式(如硬折扣店精简SKU、打造自有品牌)强调高质低价商品,工厂可供应相关产品;胖东来成功案例(增加生鲜熟食品类)提示优化产品设计。

2.商业机会:与零售企业合作(如参与供应链优化),国资介入后盘活实体资源(门店网络、社区触达),工厂可借机拓展渠道;案例包括硬折扣店扩张(京东折扣超市4个月开9家门店)。

3.推进数字化启示:即时零售(阿里、美团优化仓储和配送效率)展示数字化应用,工厂可学习提升生产流程;风险提示:传统模式成本高,工厂需关注成本控制。

4.整体启示:零售企业向内“求变”(如华润万家增加品类),工厂应响应需求变化,提供定制化解决方案。

行业趋势和客户痛点为服务商提供解决方案方向。

1.行业发展趋势:国资介入常态化(2023年以来6家零售企业合作),硬折扣店快速扩张(盒马超盒算NB新增超200家门店)、即时零售加速(互联网大厂开通流量入口),服务商可把握这些动向。

2.新技术应用:即时零售优化仓储模式和配送效率(如京东整合资源),服务商可提供技术支持;数字化推进启示(胖东来模式优化设施)。

3.客户痛点:传统商超面临高运营成本、体验短板(购物环境差)、外部冲击(电商挤压),导致流动性危机(如步步高连年亏损)。

4.解决方案:业态创新(折扣店、餐超一体化)和学习胖东来(调整商品结构、空间布局)提供可实施方案;服务商可协助企业避免模仿风险(永辉超市亏损加剧)。

市场变化对平台需求和运营管理提出新要求。

1.商业对平台需求:传统商超寻求平台支持(如即时零售提供“现在想要现在得到”服务),平台需响应消费趋势(理性消费导向);问题包括传统平台受挤压(硬折扣店、即时零售兴起)。

2.平台最新做法:互联网大厂(阿里、美团、京东)布局即时零售,优化流量入口和配送效率,平台商可借鉴招商策略;案例显示即时零售整合仓储资源。

3.运营管理:学习成功模式如胖东来(优化商品陈列、员工待遇)提升平台效率;风险提示需规避(如永辉超市模仿失败亏损)。

4.风向规避:外部冲击(如储值卡挤兑引发危机)提示平台加强风险管理;国资合作(如红旗连锁)提供稳定入口,平台可探索合作方式。

产业动向和商业模式提供研究价值。

1.产业新动向:国资介入从个案演变为现象(2023年6家案例),兼具社会责任(维护区域经济稳定)和战略发展(优化产业布局),反映政策法规建议(如保障民生供应链)。

2.新问题:传统零售结构性挑战(重资产模式不适应消费变化、外部冲击如硬折扣店扩张),导致企业困境(美特好闭店风波);胖东来逆势增长(2025年销售额235.31亿元)与模仿失败(永辉超市亏损)对比突显问题。

3.商业模式启示:折扣店(硬折扣+民生品类)、餐超一体化(华润万家)和胖东来模式(商品结构调整)可分析;政策启示:国资角色提示产业协同优化。

4.研究案例:企业分类(被动纾困如河北365集团、主动转型如红旗连锁)提供实证;整体趋势指向企业需回归零售本质,平衡资源与环境。

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Quick Summary

The article highlights the growing trend of state-owned capital platforms intervening in struggling retail enterprises, revealing key insights behind this phenomenon.

1. State capital intervention cases: Examples include Metro's bankruptcy restructuring being managed by Shennong Investment, and Hebei 365 Group partnering with Lufa Industrial. These companies are regional leaders (e.g., Hongqi Chain with ¥17.055 billion sales and 3,447 stores), aiming to safeguard livelihoods and strategic development.

2. Causes of enterprise difficulties: Traditional large supermarket models face structural challenges, including heavy assets (spaces over 5,000㎡ and 10,000+ SKUs leading to high costs), shifting consumption trends (rational spending favoring "value-for-money," with experience becoming key), and external pressures like hard discount stores (e.g., Hema's NB adding 200 stores) and instant retail (optimized delivery by Alibaba, Meituan).

3. Self-rescue measures: Companies are innovating through new formats (e.g., Zhongbai Group's "Xiaobaihui" discount stores, CR Vanguard's "dining-supermarket integration") and learning from Pang Donglai (adjusting product mix, optimizing space, improving employee benefits), but must avoid imitation risks (e.g., Yonghui's losses after reforms).

4. Key takeaway: Enterprises must balance their resources with market conditions, return to retail fundamentals, and genuinely address consumer needs to break through.

Shifts in consumption trends and user behavior offer critical insights for brand strategy.

1. Trend toward rational consumption: "Value-for-money" and "quality-to-price ratio" dominate the market, influencing brand pricing and product R&D. Hard discount stores meet demand via streamlined SKUs and private labels, offering lessons for brand product line optimization.

2. User behavior observations: Increased consumer choice (e-commerce and instant retail squeezing traditional supermarkets) makes experience a key decision factor. Brands should address shortcomings in shopping environment and service processes. Pang Donglai's counter-trend growth (¥23.531 billion sales in 2025, up 38.71% YoY) stems from product mix adjustments (increasing fresh/prepared foods) and private label introduction.

3. Channel development: Rapid expansion of external formats like hard discount stores presents new channel opportunities. Brands can adjust strategies by studying cases like Hema's NB store growth.

4. Risk warning: Blind imitation may lead to incompatibility (e.g., Yonghui's worsening losses). Brands must innovate based on their own DNA.

Retail industry changes bring policy interpretations, opportunities, and risk alerts.

1. Policy interpretation: State capital intervention (e.g., Metro's trusteeship) reflects social responsibility (securing supply chains, preserving ~200 jobs/store) and strategic development (revitalizing store networks). Sellers can explore cooperation models, either proactive transformation (e.g., Hongqi Chain leveraging state capital) or passive rescue.

2. Growth markets and opportunities: Shifting consumption (rise of rational spending) spurs new models like discount stores (Lianhua opened 13) and dining-supermarket integration. Learn from format innovation and Pang Donglai's model (optimized merchandising, employee treatment).

3. Risk alerts: Enterprises face liquidity crises (e.g., Hebei 365's funding chain rupture, Metro's prepaid card run) and external shocks (hard discount/instant retail pressure). Sellers should avoid盲目expansion.

4. Support policies: State capital provides credit endorsement and financing. Sellers can seek similar collaborations; proactive transformers (e.g., Hongshu Co. introducing state capital) tend to enhance competitiveness more effectively.

Retail transformation reveals product production needs and business opportunities.

1. Product demand: Discount store models (e.g., hard discounters' streamlined SKUs, private labels) emphasize high-quality, low-cost goods. Factories can supply relevant products. Pang Donglai's success (expanding fresh/prepared categories) suggests optimizing product design.

2. Business opportunities: Partner with retailers (e.g., supply chain optimization). State capital intervention revitalizes physical resources (store networks, community reach), allowing factories to expand channels. Cases include hard discount expansion (JD's discount supermarkets opened 9 stores in 4 months).

3. Digitalization insights: Instant retail (Alibaba/Meituan optimizing warehousing/delivery) demonstrates digital applications. Factories can learn to enhance production processes. Risk: Traditional models have high costs; focus on cost control.

4. Overall insight: As retailers "seek change" internally (e.g., CR Vanguard adding categories), factories should respond with customized solutions.

Industry trends and client pain points guide solution development for service providers.

1. Industry trends: State capital intervention normalizes (6 retail partnerships since 2023), hard discounters expand rapidly (Hema NB added 200+ stores), instant retail accelerates (tech giants opening traffic portals). Service providers should monitor these movements.

2. New tech applications: Instant retail optimizes warehousing and delivery efficiency (e.g., JD's resource integration). Providers can offer technical support. Digitalization lessons from Pang Donglai's facility optimizations are instructive.

3. Client pain points: Traditional supermarkets face high operating costs, experience shortcomings (poor shopping environments), and external shocks (e-commerce pressure), leading to liquidity crises (e.g., Better Life's persistent losses).

4. Solutions: Format innovation (discount stores, dining-supermarket integration) and learning from Pang Donglai (adjusting product mix, space layout) offer actionable plans. Service providers can help clients avoid imitation risks (e.g., Yonghui's loss escalation).

Market changes impose new demands on platform requirements and operations.

1. Business demands on platforms: Traditional supermarkets seek platform support (e.g., instant retail's "want it now, get it now" service). Platforms must respond to consumption trends (rational spending focus). Challenges include pressure on traditional platforms from hard discounters and instant retail.

2. Latest platform practices: Tech giants (Alibaba, Meituan, JD.com) are deploying instant retail, optimizing traffic portals and delivery efficiency. Platform operators can借鉴their merchant recruitment strategies. Cases show instant retail integrating warehousing resources.

3. Operations management: Learn from successful models like Pang Donglai (optimized merchandising, employee treatment) to enhance platform efficiency. Heed risk warnings (e.g., Yonghui's failed imitation leading to losses).

4. Risk mitigation: External shocks (e.g., crises triggered by prepaid card runs) highlight need for stronger risk management. State capital partnerships (e.g., Hongqi Chain) offer stable entry points; platforms can explore cooperation models.

Industry movements and business models offer significant research value.

1. New industry动向: State capital intervention has evolved from isolated cases to a phenomenon (6 instances in 2023), combining social responsibility (maintaining regional economic stability) and strategic development (optimizing industrial layout), reflecting policy implications (e.g., securing民生supply chains).

2. Emerging problems: Traditional retail's structural challenges (asset-heavy models不适应consumption shifts, external shocks like hard discounter expansion) cause enterprise distress (e.g., Metro's store closures). The contrast between Pang Donglai's counter-trend growth (¥23.531 billion sales in 2025) and imitation failures (Yonghui's losses) highlights critical issues.

3. Business model启示: Discount formats (hard discount + essential categories), dining-supermarket integration (CR Vanguard), and the Pang Donglai model (product mix adjustment) are analyzable. Policy启示: The state capital role suggests industrial synergy optimization.

4. Research cases: Enterprise categorization (passive rescue like Hebei 365 Group vs. active transformation like Hongqi Chain) provides empirical data. The overall trend points to a need for回归retail essence and balancing resources with environment.

Disclaimer: The "Quick Summary" content is entirely generated by AI. Please exercise discretion when interpreting the information. For issues or corrections, please email run@ebrun.com .

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过去三年是中国传统零售行业风云变幻的三年。

1月25日,山西美特好连锁超市股份有限公司(下称美特好)管理人发布公告称,美特好破产重整,继续委托神农投资(山西)有限责任公司对美特好进行托管运营;原美特好储值卡使用办法按照2026年1月12日发布的公告继续执行;债权人应于2026年3月31日前,向管理人申报债权。

这场危机的导火索始于2025年第四季度,美特好调改闭店引发储值卡挤兑,为稳定局面,公司重整工作组于2026年1月3日公告,委托神农投资托管运营。神农投资的最终控制方,正是山西省国资委直接监管的神农科技集团。

美特好事件并非零售行业的个例,当零售企业陷入经营危机、流动性枯竭的危急时刻,有国资背景的平台介入纾困,已逐渐从个案演变为一种行业性现象。

据壹览商业不完全统计,2023年以来,已有6家知名零售企业与有国资背景的企业达成合作,如河北365集团与禄发实业、红旗连锁与四川商投等。这些零售企业均为区域商超龙头,具备相当的市场规模和影响力。

中国连锁经营协会颁布的榜单可印证这一特征:在《2024年中国连锁TOP100》中,红旗连锁以170.55亿元的销售规模、3447家门店跻身第37名;美特好以85.93亿元的销售规模、129家门店位列第57名。在《2024年中国超市TOP100》中,步步高以18.39亿元的销售规模、27家门店位列第64名;在《2022年中国连锁TOP100》中,河北365集团凭借55.79亿元销售规模、1873家门店,排名第70位。这些排名与经营数据,清晰地表明了它们所具备的实质性规模与影响力。

无论是被动纾困还是主动联手,国资的入场并非简单的“救火”,这背后兼具着社会责任和战略发展的双重考量。

从社会责任看,国资介入是维护区域经济稳定、保障民生供应链的必然选择。零售业具有公共属性,直接关联居民日常生活物资供应,一个大型商超通常可提供约200个就业岗位。

因此,当区域龙头陷入困境,地方国资出手干预,首要目标是防范民生问题与社会风险,维持市场秩序、保障基本供给、稳定社会预期,又能凭借更强的信用背书和融资能力,帮助企业渡过短期难关,并为后续的转型调整争取时间。

从战略发展看,帮扶零售企业是国资盘活实体资源、优化产业布局的有效途径。零售企业沉淀了密集的门店网络、成熟的供应链体系、深入社区的触达能力以及品牌认知等丰富的实体资源。国资出手相助后,可快速将这些资源转化为线下渠道、供应链基础设施与本地消费市场的入口,进而服务于更大层面的民生保障、物资调配或产业协同目标。同时可以丰富产业布局,优化资产结构,在履行社会责任的同时实现国有资本的保值增值。

国资入场为企业提供了喘息之机,但追本溯源,这些昔日龙头之所以陷入困境,根本原因在于整个传统零售业,尤其是大型商超模式,正遭遇结构性挑战。

大型商超曾凭借“一站式购齐”满足了消费者的购物需求,而其“大而全”的特点在今天却逐渐成了“双刃剑”——动辄5000平起的占地面积、过万的SKU,意味着“重资产”的商业模式和高额的运营成本。

与此同时,消费端也在剧烈改变。理性消费趋势下,“性价比”、“质价比”成为市场导向。电商、即时零售、社区零售等业态,让消费者的选择越来越多。这时,消费体验随之成为决策关键,传统商超在购物环境、服务流程等体验端的短板也越加明显。

在外部,传统商超正面临着多种渠道的冲击。

一是硬折扣店迎快速扩张。2025年以来,盒马超盒算NB新增超过200家门店;京东折扣超市首店落地后4个月共开出9家门店。硬折扣店通过精简SKU,打造自有品牌,优化供应链,实现低价高质,满足了消费者对“质价比”的追求。

二是互联网大厂加速布局即时零售赛道。2025年,阿里、美团、京东都为即时零售业务开通了专门的流量入口,在整合现有资源的基础上不断优化仓储模式、配送效率。凭借数字技术和供应链的不断发展,即时零售能够满足消费者“现在想要现在得到”的需求,进一步挤压传统商超的生存空间。

在内忧外患的双重挤压下,寻求外部援助成为不少企业的现实选择。根据企业处境的不同,寻求国资帮助的零售企业主要分为两类:

一类是企业陷入流动性危机,被迫寻求国资支持。河北365集团由于盲目多元化扩张导致资金链断裂;红星美凯龙受创始人债务危机拖累;美特好是因为储值卡集中兑现,叠加闭店风波,引发商品短缺,最终陷入现金流危机;步步高则深陷闭店与连年亏损的困境。

一类是企业为寻求战略转型,主动牵手国资平台。如宏蔬股份2023—2024年连续出现营收、净利润双降,选择引入国资提高竞争力;红旗连锁经营状况和资金流都表现良好,选择借力国资更好实现战略转型。

除了向外借力,更多零售企业也在向内“求变”,试图通过改革破局。

经营业态创新成为重要探索方向之一。中百集团推出“小百惠”折扣店,用硬折扣+民生品类,聚焦不同群体的消费需求;联华超市在浙江区域积极开出13家折扣店;华润万家调改后增加生鲜、熟食品类,通过“餐超一体化”打造差异化竞争力。

学习胖东来(以下称“胖改”)也在众多商超中蔚然成风,永辉超市、物美超市、步步高、中百集团、家家悦等企业相继加入。主要围绕三方面进行“胖改”:一是调整商品结构,增加生鲜熟食占比,引入自有品牌;二是优化空间布局,改进商品陈列,迭代升级卖场设施;三是提高员工待遇,上涨工资并增加员工数量。

商超们扎堆抄作业的核心原因,是传统商超普遍承压的背景下,胖东来却在逆势增长。中国连锁经营协会发布《2025年中国连锁超市发展情况概览》,2025年,只有一半的连锁超市实现了销售总额同比增长,增长主要来自存量门店经营改善而非规模扩张,大型超市的可比门店销售表现依然疲软。

相比之下,2025年胖东来集团年销售额同比增长38.71%,达235.31亿元。而这个数字,在2022年还是70亿元,2023年107亿元。

然而,“橘生淮北则为枳”,商业模式的成功植根于企业基因、文化土壤与资源体系之中。简单的模仿往往难以复制精髓,甚至可能“水土不服”。永辉超市“胖改”后,亏损加剧,其发布的业绩预告显示,2025年,其归属于上市公司股东的净利润为-21.4亿元,归属于上市公司股东扣除非经常性损益后的净利润为-29.4亿元。自2021年以来,永辉超市连续5年亏损,累计亏损约116.41亿元,且2025年的亏损规模超过了2023年和2024年。

对于企业来说,如何在自身资源条件与市场环境变化之间找到一个精准平衡,至关重要。站在变革的十字路口,商超们需要回归零售的本质,找到商品与消费者的连接,切实回应消费者需求,才能走出适合自身长远发展的路径。

注:文/王晨瑾,文章来源:壹览商业(公众号ID:yilanshangye ),本文为作者独立观点,不代表亿邦动力立场。

文章来源:壹览商业

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