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撕掉“备胎”标签 钠电坐上主桌

苏启桃 2026-07-08 07:17
苏启桃 2026/07/08 07:17

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本文核心介绍当前钠离子电池产业的最新发展情况,原本被视为锂电池备胎的钠电如今已经进入产业化拐点,即将开启规模化应用。

1. 核心产业信息:业内共识2026年是钠电规模化应用元年,目前宁德时代已经拿到60GWh的储能钠电订单,工信部组织产业调研推动产业化,赛道投融资明显回暖,多家机构预测未来十年钠电出货量将高速增长,2030年有望突破600GWh。

2. 产业格局与现状:当前行业已经形成锂钠错位互补的共识,钠电依靠资源丰富、低温性能好、循环寿命长、成本潜力大的优势,主打储能、两轮车、A00级乘用车、AI算力储能等场景,不会完全替代锂电池。

3. 当前待解决问题:钠电规模化最大瓶颈是硬碳负极供给不足,有效产能少,成本偏高,产业配套生态还不完善,仍需技术攻关。

当前钠电已经进入产业化拐点,摆脱锂电备胎定位,形成锂钠错位共生的产业格局,给电池品牌带来了全新的发展机遇。

1. 应用与消费趋势:储能是钠电的基本盘,AI算力数据中心储能是全新增量蓝海,政策已经明确发文鼓励算力设施配套新型储能,目前已经进入试点阶段,钠电凭借安全、性能优势可替代传统铅酸电池,填补锂电应用空白,未来市场空间广阔。

2. 产品研发方向:品牌商可聚焦钠电资源安全、低温性能好、循环寿命长、安全性高的核心优势,针对储能、低温场景、价格敏感型出行工具等错位布局,避开锂电的主流竞争赛道。

3. 竞争注意事项:当前硬碳负极供给不足是核心瓶颈,成本仍偏高,品牌商需要提前布局上游替代材料路线,推进技术攻关降本,才能在后续竞争中占据优势。

当前钠电赛道已经走出前期沉寂,迎来产业化拐点,从示范验证进入规模化前夜,给卖家带来了新的增长机会,同时也需要警惕相关风险。

1. 机会与政策:政策端工信部推动钠电产业化,四部委联合发文鼓励算力基础设施配套新型储能,首次将算力侧储能纳入政策支持范围,明确支持钠电新技术试点;市场端欧洲能源转型带动储能需求,国内储能、AI算力储能等场景需求快速增长,行业预计2026到2030年出货量高速增长,市场空间大。

2. 风险提示:目前硬碳负极供给偏紧,有效产能不足,行业存在产能虚高问题,且钠电成本仍偏高,产业标准和配套生态不完善,产能爬坡难度大,入场需要提前布局供应链,控制风险。

3. 可借鉴经验:头部玩家坚持长期研发,走错位竞争路线,瞄准锂电覆盖不到的场景布局,值得新入场卖家学习。

钠电产业化拐点到来,给上游材料生产、电池制造工厂带来了新的商业机会,也对生产转型提出了新要求。

1. 产品生产与设计需求:钠电核心瓶颈是硬碳负极,当前市场需求缺口大,现有有效产能不足,硬碳生产企业可抓住机会布局,除传统椰壳路线外,可布局竹基、树脂基、煤基等替代路线,攻关提升首次库仑效率,降低生产成本,匹配下游需求。

2. 商业机会:下游应用场景清晰,储能、AI算力储能、两轮车、A00级乘用车需求增长快,头部电池企业已经拿到大规模订单,需要上游材料供应商配套,提前布局产能就能获得稳定订单。

3. 转型启示:钠电无法完全复用现有锂电产线,工厂需要针对钠电的生产特性调整产线工艺,提前开展工程化攻关,解决良率和产能爬坡问题,跟上产业发展节奏,抓住产业升级机会。

当前钠电产业处于从示范验证向规模化应用过渡的阶段,产业发展趋势明确,给产业链相关服务商带来了大量新的业务机会。

1. 行业发展趋势:钠电未来十年将保持高速增长,预计2035年全球装机渗透率可达37%,将催生数千亿美元的新增投资,覆盖储能、交通、算力储能多个应用场景,产业链配套服务需求旺盛。

2. 客户核心痛点:上游硬碳企业面临产线建设、工艺优化难题,电池企业面临产线改造、良率提升问题,下游应用端缺乏成熟的标准认证、BMS开发、运维售后等配套服务,痛点突出。

3. 业务方向:服务商可针对不同环节痛点,布局硬碳产线建设咨询、工艺优化服务,电池企业产线改造技术服务,以及下游标准认证对接、BMS系统开发、运维服务等,抓住产业初期的配套红利。

钠电产业的快速发展,催生了新的平台服务需求,也给产业平台带来了新的增长点,同时需要注意规避行业风险。

1. 产业对平台的核心需求:当前钠电产业链处于发展早期,供需错配问题突出,硬碳负极供给缺口大,资本对接优质项目、下游对接靠谱供应商的需求强烈,大量中小企业缺乏政策信息、产业资源、认证渠道,需要平台提供对接服务。

2. 平台可落地的运营方向:可开辟钠电专项招商板块,吸引全产业链企业入驻,搭建资本项目对接通道,组织产业调研交流活动,对接政策与试点项目资源,同时提供标准认证咨询、产业信息共享等服务。

3. 风险规避:当前行业存在产能虚高、技术不成熟的问题,平台需要加强入驻企业资质审核,聚焦有量产能力和客户基础的企业,避免虚假项目误导市场,控制平台运营风险。

本文梳理了钠电产业发展的最新动态,呈现了产业从概念向规模化转型的全貌,为产业研究提供了丰富的新信息。

1. 产业新动向:钠电已经摆脱锂电备胎的产业叙事,形成锂钠错位共生的双主线发展格局,业内共识2026年为规模化应用元年,目前龙头企业已经突破核心技术,落地大规模订单,政策明确支持产业发展,投融资明显回暖,还开拓了AI算力储能这一全新应用赛道,增长潜力巨大。

2. 产业新问题:当前产业核心瓶颈是硬碳负极供给不足,有效产能少,前驱体依赖进口,成本偏高,存在电芯与系统成本倒挂问题,同时无法完全复用锂电产线,良率爬坡慢,产业标准与配套生态不完善,这些都是值得深入研究的新问题。

3. 商业模式启示:钠电走错位互补而非替代的发展路线,填补锂电覆盖不到的市场空白,这种新兴产业的发展路径,为研究新能源产业升级提供了新的案例,政策支持新型储能产业化的路径也值得进一步研究。

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Quick Summary

This article provides an overview of the latest development of the sodium-ion battery industry. Long regarded as a "backup option" for lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries have now reached an industrial inflection point and are poised for large-scale commercial adoption.

1. Key industry insights: The industry has reached a broad consensus that 2026 will mark the first year of mass adoption of sodium-ion batteries. Currently, CATL has secured 60 GWh of orders for energy storage sodium-ion batteries. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has organized industry research to accelerate industrialization, and investment and financing activity in the sector has rebounded significantly. Multiple institutions predict sodium-ion battery shipments will grow rapidly over the next decade, and are expected to exceed 600 GWh by 2030.

2. Current industry landscape: The industry has now agreed that sodium-ion batteries will complement rather than replace lithium-ion batteries, each occupying different market segments. Leveraging its advantages of abundant raw material supply, excellent low-temperature performance, long cycle life and great cost reduction potential, sodium-ion batteries are targeted at applications including energy storage, two-wheel electric vehicles, A00-class passenger cars and AI computing energy storage, and will not fully replace lithium-ion batteries.

3. Unresolved challenges: The biggest bottleneck for mass adoption of sodium-ion batteries is insufficient supply of hard carbon anodes, characterized by limited effective production capacity, high costs and an underdeveloped supporting industrial ecosystem. Further technological breakthroughs are still needed.

Sodium-ion batteries have now reached an industrial inflection point, moving on from their original positioning as a backup to lithium-ion batteries, and formed a new industrial landscape of complementary coexistence with lithium-ion batteries, bringing unprecedented new development opportunities for battery brands.

1. Application and consumption trends: Energy storage is the core market for sodium-ion batteries, while energy storage for AI computing data centers represents an entirely new blue ocean of incremental demand. Chinese policymakers have explicitly encouraged new energy storage for computing infrastructure, and pilot projects are already underway. With its safety and performance advantages, sodium-ion batteries can replace traditional lead-acid batteries and fill the market gaps unaddressed by lithium-ion batteries, boasting enormous market potential in the future.

2. Product R&D directions: Battery brands can leverage sodium-ion batteries' core strengths—supply chain security, excellent low-temperature performance, long cycle life and high safety—to position their products in niche segments including energy storage, low-temperature environments and price-sensitive mobility devices, avoiding direct competition with mainstream lithium-ion battery products.

3. Competitive considerations: Insufficient hard carbon anode supply is currently the core bottleneck, and costs remain elevated. Brands need to lay out alternative upstream material pathways early and advance technological breakthroughs to cut costs to gain an edge in future competition.

The sodium-ion battery track has emerged from its early period of stagnation and reached an industrial inflection point, moving from demonstration validation to the cusp of mass adoption. This brings new growth opportunities for sellers, who also need to stay alert to associated risks.

1. Opportunities and policy support: On the policy side, China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is pushing for sodium-ion battery industrialization. Four central government departments have jointly issued a document encouraging new energy storage for computing infrastructure, marking the first time that computing-side energy storage has been included in policy support scope, with explicit backing for pilot projects of new sodium-ion battery technologies. On the market side, Europe’s energy transition has driven up energy storage demand, while domestic demand for energy storage and AI computing energy storage is growing rapidly. The industry expects shipments to grow rapidly from 2026 to 2030, opening up enormous market space.

2. Risk warnings: Hard carbon anode supply is currently tight, with limited effective production capacity. The sector also faces issues including overstated capacity, persistently high sodium-ion battery costs, incomplete industrial standards and supporting ecosystems, and high barriers to capacity ramp-up. New entrants need to lay out supply chains in advance and control risks.

3. Key takeaways: Leading players have sustained long-term R&D investment and adopted a differentiated competition strategy focused on market segments unpenetrated by lithium-ion batteries. This approach is worth learning for new sellers entering the space.

The arrival of the sodium-ion battery industrial inflection point brings new business opportunities to upstream material producers and battery manufacturing factories, while also putting forward new requirements for production transformation.

1. Product design and production demand: Hard carbon anode is the core bottleneck of the sodium-ion battery industry, with a large current market gap and insufficient existing effective production capacity. Hard carbon producers can seize this opportunity to expand capacity. Beyond the traditional coconut shell-based production route, players can also develop alternative pathways including bamboo-based, resin-based and coal-based production, while investing in R&D to improve first-cycle Coulombic efficiency and reduce production costs to meet downstream demand.

2. Business opportunities: Downstream application scenarios are well-defined, with demand growing rapidly for energy storage, AI computing energy storage, two-wheel vehicles and A00-class passenger cars. Leading battery makers have already secured large-scale orders and need supporting supplies from upstream material producers. Early capacity layout will help secure stable long-term orders.

3. Transformation insights: Existing lithium-ion battery production lines cannot be fully repurposed for sodium-ion battery production. Factories need to adjust production line and process design based on the unique production characteristics of sodium-ion batteries, conduct engineering R&D in advance to address yield and capacity ramp-up challenges, keep up with industry development pace and capture opportunities from industrial upgrading.

The sodium-ion battery industry is currently transitioning from demonstration validation to large-scale application, with a clear development trajectory, bringing substantial new business opportunities for service providers across the industrial chain.

1. Industry development outlook: Sodium-ion battery capacity will grow rapidly over the next decade, with global installed penetration expected to reach 37% by 2035. This growth will drive hundreds of billions of dollars in new investment across applications including energy storage, transportation and computing energy storage, creating strong demand for industrial supporting services.

2. Core pain points of clients: Upstream hard carbon producers face challenges in production line construction and process optimization; battery makers need support for production line retrofitting and yield improvement; downstream players lack mature supporting services including standard certification, BMS development and after-sales operation and maintenance. These unmet needs create clear opportunities.

3. Recommended business directions: Service providers can target pain points in different industry links, offering services including hard carbon production line construction consulting, process optimization, production line retrofitting technical support for battery makers, as well as downstream services such as standard certification coordination, BMS system development and operation and maintenance. This allows players to capture the supporting service dividends available in the early stage of industry development.

The rapid development of the sodium-ion battery industry has generated new demand for platform services, created new growth points for industrial platforms, and also requires players to pay attention to industry risk mitigation.

1. Core industry demand for platforms: The sodium-ion battery industry is still in its early development stage, marked by prominent supply-demand mismatches. There is a large gap in hard carbon anode supply, and strong demand for capital connection to high-quality projects and downstream connection to reliable suppliers. A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises lack access to policy information, industrial resources and certification channels, requiring platforms to provide connection and matching services.

2. Actionable operating directions for platforms: Platforms can launch dedicated sodium-ion battery investment attraction sections to attract enterprises across the entire industrial chain, build matchmaking channels between capital and projects, organize industrial research and exchange activities, connect players with policy and pilot project resources, and offer supporting services including standard certification consulting and industrial information sharing.

3. Risk mitigation: The industry currently faces issues including overstated capacity and immature technology. Platforms need to strengthen qualification review for settled enterprises, focus on players with mass production capability and established customer bases, avoid misleading the market with fake projects, and control operational risks.

This paper summarizes the latest development dynamics of the sodium-ion battery industry, presenting a full picture of the sector’s transition from conceptualization to mass commercialization, and provides rich new information for industrial research.

1. New industry dynamics: Sodium-ion batteries have broken free from the narrative of being a backup to lithium-ion batteries, and formed a dual-track development pattern of complementary coexistence. The industry has reached a consensus that 2026 will be the first year of mass application. Leading players have already achieved core technological breakthroughs and secured large-scale commercial orders. Policymakers explicitly support industry development, investment and financing activity has rebounded significantly, and the industry has opened up an entirely new application track in AI computing energy storage, giving it enormous growth potential.

2. New industry challenges: The current core bottleneck of the industry is insufficient hard carbon anode supply, with limited effective production capacity, imported precursor dependence, high costs, and inverted cost structure between cells and systems. Additionally, existing lithium-ion battery production lines cannot be fully repurposed, yield ramp-up is slow, and industrial standards and supporting ecosystems remain incomplete. All of these are new issues that deserve in-depth research.

3. Implications for business model research: Sodium-ion batteries have adopted a development path of complementary positioning rather than full substitution, filling the market gaps unaddressed by lithium-ion batteries. This development path for emerging industries provides a new case study for research on new energy industrial upgrading, and the policy pathway for supporting new energy storage industrialization also deserves further in-depth research.

Disclaimer: The "Quick Summary" content is entirely generated by AI. Please exercise discretion when interpreting the information. For issues or corrections, please email run@ebrun.com .

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最大掣肘在硬碳负极。

盛夏时节,席卷欧洲的穹顶热浪,不仅消解了欧洲人对空调的环保执念,给正处于能源转型关口的欧洲电力系统增添挑战,也给中国光储甚至电池产业链带来新的变数。

日前闭幕的欧洲最大能源展Intersolar上,宁德时代(300750.SZ、03750.HK)、瑞浦兰钧(00666.HK)、远景动力、亿纬锂能(300014.SZ、02238.HK)等国内厂商纷纷亮相,集中展出钠电成果,剑指欧洲电网消纳难题和机遇。

在国内,钠电商业化业已提速。今年4月,宁德时代与海博思创(688411.SH)签订了为期3年、规模60GWh的钠电池储能订单;6月工信部组织行业龙头召开钠电产业调研交流会,释放产业化推进明确信号;赛道投融资同步回暖,产业信心持续修复。

多重产业信号叠加,行业共识形成:2026年是钠离子电池规模化应用元年,且钠电跳出“锂电备胎”叙事,与锂电池形成错位共生的双主线格局。

当然,坐上牌桌只是第一步,从小规模示范到大规模量产,钠电仍有诸多梗阻需要攻克。多业内人士向公司观察表示,硬碳负极供给是当前最大制约。

钠电产业化拐点已至

钠电池的科学研发始于20世纪70年代,与锂电池近乎同步。但真正的产业热度“起点”,落在2021年。

那一年,碳酸锂价格一路高歌,四季度一度触及60万元/吨历史高位,“钠代锂说”甚嚣尘上。同年7月,宁德时代发布第一代钠离子电池,点燃市场对钠电的遐想,业内外蜂拥布局,资本抢筹。

不过,钠电还未从0走到1,锂价就迅速回落,叠加磷酸铁锂产业链持续迭代,成本与成熟度优势凸显,牢牢占据市场主流。而钠电则迅速沉寂,投融资迅速降温,一批早期玩家甚至悄然出清。好消息是,留下来的,仍坚持研发,推动钠电从概念验证走向产业落地。

时间来到2026年4月21日,宁德时代在超级科技日上官宣,已攻克极致控水、硬碳产气、铝箔粘接、自生成负极规模化量产四大行业难题,解决了上百项工程化问题,钠新电池将于2026Q4规模化量产;仅仅6天后,三年60GWh储能钠电长协落地海博思创。

60GWh是什么概念?按起点研究院的数据,2025年全球钠电池总出货量仅为9GWh,其中储能占比57.7%;预计2026年全球出货量约26.8GWh。“宁王”这份订单相当于去年全球储能钠电出货量的11.5倍、全球总出货量的6.7倍。

6月4日,工信部主办的“钠离子电池储能产业技术与应用调研交流活动”在上海举行,汇聚一众产业链上企业、专家。与会人士纷纷表示,随着材料端、制造端、系统端与应用端同步成熟,钠电正加快从示范验证走向规模化应用。宁德时代国内储能解决方案CTO林久标现场透露,“今年9月公司将向客户交付首批钠电池储能系统,全年实现GWh级出货。”

更多的产业消息持续发酵。6月10日,通用汽车与美国电网储能企业Peak Energy宣布,将共同开发和部署专为电网储能打造的下一代钠电池电芯;5月-6月召开的CIBF 2026、SNEC 2026和FINE 2026等各类展会上,钠电均占据一定席位;6月下旬举办的Intersolar上,宁德时代领衔中国电池军团集体出海推介钠电储能方案……

“今年以来,公司参与了不少展会,市场对钠电池及配套光储解决方案的关注度持续提升。”2021年开始布局钠电的兴储世纪向公司观察证实了钠电池赛道的升温,并透露,目前在储能和启停领域,公司已经有大量订单的出货和交付,预计2026年可以签署超过200Mwh的订单总量。

投融资的回暖同样直观反映产业景气度。7月3日,江苏隐功科技宣布完成亿元级Pre-A+轮融资,复旦科创与啟赋资本联合领投。且据GGII统计,对比2025年仅1笔钠电池亿元融资,今年行业投融资回暖明显,诸如钠美科技获超亿元融资、中国钠电获印尼资方1亿美元战略融资、青钠科技获遂宁产投2亿元A轮融资等。但此轮资本出手更为谨慎,被投企业多已具备明确的量产能力、一定的客户基础和被广泛验证的商品。

龙头订单落地、部委组织调研,叠加展会秀肌肉、投融资回暖,钠电迎来产业化拐点成为共识。甚至有观点认为,钠电现状类似于2020年的磷酸铁锂。银河证券研报预计,2026-2028年,钠电池出货量将达到25、92、221GWh,同比增长188%、263%、140%,到2030年有望突破600GWh。

锂钠错位互补

钠电池是一类以钠离子为电荷载体,通过Na+在正负极间嵌入/脱嵌实现电能存储与释放的二次电池系统。工作原理与锂电池类似,主要由正极、负极、电解液和隔膜四部分组成,其中,正极和负极材料的结构和性能决定了电池的表现,也构成了其与锂电池的核心区别。

广州博士信息技术研究院产业发展顾问高承远告诉公司观察,与磷酸铁锂相比,钠电池的优势很清晰:一是资源安全,钠储量丰富、不受锂价波动绑架;二是低温性能更好,零下20℃容量保持率远高于磷酸铁锂;三是循环寿命已突破1万次,储能场景下度电成本优势明显;四是快充能力突出。

如是所言,从底层材料逻辑来看,锂电池与钠电池的区分集中在集流体、低温性能、能量密度三大维度。锂电负极必须使用高成本铜箔,钠电负极可通用铝箔,直接削减集流体成本;在-20℃极寒环境下,钠电池容量保持率可达90%以上,磷酸铁锂仅能维持70%-80%;短板则是钠离子半径更大,同等封装条件下能量密度较磷酸铁锂低10%-30%。

过去几年,行业对钠电的质疑,主要集中于性能短板和成本偏高。但随着头部企业持续的技术攻坚和工程化验证,产业叙事切换:钠电摆脱锂电“备胎”标签,坐上“主桌”,与锂电池形成“互补”。宁德时代董事长曾毓群更是在2025年度股东会上直言,“预计钠电池未来将替代30%-40%的现有电池市场份额。”

摩根士丹利6月最新研报给出量化预测:2027年钠电装机渗透率2%,2030年升至20%,2035年达37%,全球装机规模2.4TWh,并催生8000亿美元新增投资

“未来替代30%-40%的市场份额,这个判断偏乐观,但方向是对的:钠电池不是来革磷酸铁锂命的,而是来填补锂电够不着的市场空白的。”在高承远看来,更可能的格局是“锂钠互补”,储能、两轮车、A00级乘用车等价格敏感型场景由钠电池主导,中高端乘用车和高端储能仍由磷酸铁锂和三元把持。

以宁德时代举例,其第二代“钠新”量产电池能量密度达175Wh/kg,与主流磷酸铁锂电池差距压缩至10%以内,常温循环寿命可达15000次,-20℃低温环境容量保持率超90%,可适配各类复杂工况;国轩高科(002074.SZ)最新发布的钠电池则宣称,能量密度提升60%,支持-50℃放电,储能版循环趋势高达20000次。

兴储世纪北极系列产品也具备超过10000次的深度循环(100%DOD),优异的低温性能(-40℃容量保持率91%以上,支持-20℃的循环)以及超高的安全性能(通过针刺、热失控等检验),主要应用于储能和集装箱大储场景,西藏日喀则钠电储能离网型微电网示范项目已落地验证了其钠电产品在高寒、高海拔及弱电地区的安全性、稳定性和环境适应能力。

材料端的技术同步迭代。容百科技(688005.SH)第三代焦磷酸铁钠(NFPP)正极材料,通过微观结构优化与工艺升级,循环寿命突破15000次,适配长周期储能场景。

成本下探则是钠电突围的关键。容百科技钠电事业部总经理王尊志表示,公司2026年大规模量产的一代钠电正极产品,其材料成本已相当于碳酸锂价格15万元/吨时的磷酸铁锂正极。随着2027年产品性能进一步提升,对应瓦时成本有望降至碳酸锂价格6万元/吨以下的磷酸铁锂水平。

“以公司目前已经批量生产的电芯71173为例,材料的BOM成本为0.38元/wh,加上加工制造、人工能耗折旧等成本,产品的成本在0.6元/wh以内。”兴储世纪相关负责人向公司观察坦言,以碳酸锂价格为15万元/吨位前提,钠电预计在2028年可以和锂电池的成本接近,降本路径依靠规模、良率、材料迭代三重逻辑。

卓创资讯富宝锂电分析师董云帆则向公司观察提到系统端的成本优化空间,“目前新建锂电储能柜多数装备了先进的消防系统和复杂的BMS系统,如使用钠电或可减少在这两部分的开支。”

算力储能辟增量赛道

储能是钠电基本盘,AI算力数据中心(AIDC)则是区别传统风光储能的全新蓝海。

在此前召开的2026储能产业大会上,易事特(300376.SZ)钠电总经理王少平曾公开谈到AIDC机房的三大痛点:一是高密度算力集群,液冷散热成为主流,散热能耗居高不下;二是算力负荷潮汐化,峰谷供需严重失衡,资源浪费;三是机房7×24小时不间断运转,设备全生命周期运维成本高昂。而目前,国内超90%的数据中心UPS备用电源依旧沿用铅酸电池,早已无法适配新一代高密、高热、高功率算力机房需求。

在王少平看来,对比铅酸电池,钠电仅在当前规模化初期存在短期成本短板,在安全性、循环寿命、高低温性能、放电倍率、轻量化等核心性能维度实现全面碾压。

对比磷酸铁锂电池,钠电仅能量密度略逊一筹,其余性能不分伯仲,极端宽温域环境下性能表现远超锂电,同时彻底规避锂电热失控安全隐患,密闭机房工况下安全属性拉满;同时钠电可支持超高倍率脉冲放电,完美匹配GPU瞬时大功率波动需求,适配算力中心复杂的用电工况。

抢抓算力侧储能需求,不少厂商推出钠电解决方案。比如,易事特推出中高倍率钠电全系列产品,同时搭载自研AI智能能源管理系统。针对AI算力中心动态波动的用电需求,远景动力在Intersolar展会上同步推出了两套800V直流储能方案:对于备用电源和能量搬移的应用场景,磷酸铁锂储能系统功率高达单机2.5MW以上,储能时长可达2小时及以上;针对快速功率平滑、AI负载波动平抑等高功率短时场景,钠离子储能系统可在数分钟内完成充放电,具备优异的热稳定性与长循环寿命。

值得一提的是,政策端也为钠电配套算力侧的储能指路。今年4月,国家发改委、国家能源局、工信部、国家数据局联合印发34号文,鼓励算力设施配置构网型储能。有分析人士指出,“过去储能政策主要面向风光电站,算力侧储能多是项目自发配套。34号文则首次将算力基础设施与构网型储能系统性政策绑定,且鼓励新型储能技术验证。”

于是,在6月中下旬启动的西南、西北多地“东数西算”算力园区储能配套招标中,钠电开始与磷酸铁锂储能系统同台竞标,具备独立投标资格,项目单站储能配置规模多为50MW/100MWh。不过,实际操作中,一般划定约10%-20%的容量用于钠电技术试点,技术成熟的磷酸铁锂储能方案仍是优选。

关键在硬碳负极

为什么钠电在算力储能侧暂未大规模上量?答案指向负极,这也是钠电从2%份额的小规模示范到37%规模化应用必须解决的关键问题。

上述兴储世纪相关负责人谈到,“钠电池最核心的原材料是负极硬碳,其供应还不够成熟。这是全产业链最薄弱的短板,直接限制产能释放,包含原料供给卡脖子、产能虚高、有效产能不足等问题。且首次库仑效率仅88%-91%(石墨95%+),不可逆容量高,直接拉低电芯能量密度、增加耗材损耗。”

珈钠能源总经理范海满直言,“很多企业宣称的万吨级产线实际产能只有2-3千吨,利用率不足30%。”

硬碳的前驱体来源有三种,树脂基、生物质基、煤基,其中,生物质基按照来源又分为椰壳、坚果壳,芦苇、竹子等等。目前,钠电所用的硬碳负极多数来自于椰壳,性能稳定但依赖东南亚进口,共计波动大;且上游硬碳负极产线建设周期长,从立项环评、土建施工、设备调试到稳定量产爬坡,完整落地周期普遍在18-24个月。

公司观察从业内人士获悉,目前国内有几条万吨级硬碳产线在建设中,但这些扩产项目最早也要明年才能陆续释放产能,难解当下的供应偏紧格局。

椰壳之外,国内玩家也在同步推进树脂、竹基、煤基的替代方案。比如,湖南宁钠科技的竹基第二代产品比容量超过330mAh/g,合肥国科碳芯竹基产品达到350mAh/g以上,性能与椰壳接近;万华化学(600309.SH)走树脂基和煤基两条路线,预计将硬碳负极成本从2024年的每吨6万至7万元降至2026年的3.5万至4万元,远期目标为2.5万元/吨以下。

但湖南宁钠科技产线完全达产后,年产能也只有4000吨,合肥国科碳芯即将建成2000吨硬碳产线;万华化学计划在2026年建成千吨级产线,并在2028年进一步扩展至万吨级产线。

另外,宁德时代等还在推进无负极/少负极路线,即在首次充电过程中,让钠离子在集流体表面直接沉积形成金属钠层,类似于锂电池的锂金属电池,理论上可提升能量密度。但钠远新材创始人刘众擎指出,由于界面处理壁垒,目前无负极仍处于样品验证阶段,量产难度很大。

阶段性的供需失衡推高了硬碳价格,相应地增加了钠电池成本。加上钠电池能量密度相对较低,在储存同样电量的情况下,需要使用更多电池,储能系统所需的集装箱、支架、线缆、温控设备和消防设施也需要增加,从而进一步推高整体建设成本。换句话说,电芯、系统两层成本倒挂,规模降本曲线未兑现,成本依然是产业化的痛点。

此外,多业内人士还提到,钠电池虽然和锂电池很像,但无法完全复用锂电产线,生产过程中的很多环节需要重新调整,电芯制造的良率与产能爬坡缓慢,还没有达到锂电池那种成熟、高效的大规模生产水平。同时,一个电池产品要真正卖出去,还需要电池管理系统(BMS)、电池包设计(PACK)、各国认证、售后服务、质保体系等配套,目前很多标准和经验还在建立过程中,钠电产业生态还需完善。

注:文/苏启桃,文章来源:钛媒体(公众号ID:taimeiti),本文为作者独立观点,不代表亿邦动力立场。

文章来源:钛媒体

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FAQ回顾

钠离子电池和锂电池相比有什么优势?

钠电池资源安全,钠储量丰富不受锂价波动影响;-20℃环境容量保持率可达90%以上,远优于磷酸铁锂的70%-80%;循环寿命已突破1万次,储能场景度电成本优势明显,还可规避锂电热失控安全隐患,适配复杂工况。

钠离子电池什么时候能实现大规模应用?

行业共识2026年是钠离子电池规模化应用元年,2026年第四季度宁德时代钠新电池将规模化量产,同年9月将交付首批钠电池储能系统,全年实现GWh级出货,预计2030年全球钠电池出货量有望突破600GWh。

当前制约钠离子电池产业化的核心瓶颈是什么?

硬碳负极供给是当前钠电产业化的最大制约,存在原料供给卡脖子、产能虚高、有效产能不足等问题,首次库仑效率仅88%-91%,不可逆容量高,拉低电芯能量密度、增加耗材损耗,相关产能最快2027年才可陆续释放。

钠离子电池主要适用哪些应用场景?

钠电池主要适配储能、两轮车、A00级乘用车等价格敏感型场景,其宽温域、高安全、高倍率放电的特性,也可适配AI算力数据中心等高功率短时储能需求,填补锂电池覆盖不到的市场空白。

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