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乳业七雄交出2025成绩单:告别增长 利润为王

卜晚乔 2026-05-12 16:23
卜晚乔 2026/05/12 16:23

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本文披露了2025年中国七家头部乳企的最新业绩,梳理了中国乳业的整体发展趋势,核心干货总结如下:

1. 行业整体已经告别过去每年双位数增长的粗放规模扩张时代,进入利润为王的存量竞争阶段,行业增长不再拼规模大小,转而拼产品结构优劣和运营效率高低,七家头部乳企总营收规模超2700亿元,支撑起整个行业骨架。

2. 当前消费端已经发生明显变化,公众从“多喝奶”转向“喝好奶”,更追求高品质、精准营养,低温奶、功能性乳品成为行业的核心增长方向,其中低温奶年复合增长率达7.2%,远超常温奶的0.4%,2025年市场规模有望突破700亿元。

3. 当前行业的高端化已经从过去的概念包装转向技术驱动,头部乳企都在发力关键原料国产替代,既降低成本又提升产品毛利,掌握供应链主动权。

本文梳理了2025年中国乳业的最新业绩与产业趋势,为乳企品牌运营提供了多维度参考,核心干货总结如下:

1. 消费趋势层面:当前消费者对乳品的需求已经从量的满足转向质的追求,健康消费理念普及,低温奶、功能性乳品成为全行业共同的必争赛道,低温奶逆势增长,年复合增速远高于常温奶,市场规模即将突破700亿元。

2. 盈利路径参考:当前头部乳企已经跑通四种成熟盈利模式,分别是调整产品结构提升高毛利业务占比、精细化运营降本增效、走差异化低温路线破局、大单品驱动全国化扩张,不同规模的品牌都可以找到适合自己的路径。

3. 风险提示:海外并购是一把双刃剑,经营不善的海外资产会反噬集团整体利润;婴配粉赛道受出生率下滑影响存在结构性压力,收入下滑后需要及时调整费用,避免利润被大幅吞噬。

本文梳理了2025年中国乳业转型期的最新变化,为乳业相关卖家指明了机会方向与需要规避的风险,核心干货总结如下:

1. 需求变化与增长机会:消费者当前更偏好高品质、新鲜、精准营养的乳品,低温奶、功能性乳品是逆势增长的蓝海赛道,2025年第三季度低温纯牛奶销售额同比增长近20%,全年市场规模有望突破700亿元,年复合增速达到7.2%,增长潜力远高于传统常温奶赛道。

2. 可借鉴的实战经验:头部玩家的成熟打法可以直接参考,包括主动调整产品结构提升高毛利产品占比,通过精细化管理压缩各项费用降本增效,走差异化低温路线避开价格战,打造标杆大单品拉动增长,同时可以提升DTC直销渠道占比,减少中间环节的利润损耗。

3. 需要警惕的风险:要注意出生率下滑带来的婴配粉赛道结构性萎缩压力,警惕海外并购带来的资产减值风险,收入下滑时要及时缩减对应费用,避免利润被过度吞噬。

本文梳理了2025年中国乳业的最新产业走向,为乳类生产加工工厂指明了需求变化、商业机会与升级方向,核心干货总结如下:

1. 产品生产与设计需求:当下市场需求已经转向高端化、功能化、低温化,工厂需要匹配低温乳品、功能性乳品的生产要求,围绕不同人群、不同场景的精准营养需求开发产品,比如针对中老年的控糖、骨骼养护产品,针对儿童的成长类营养产品等,匹配当前消费升级的需求。

2. 商业机会:技术驱动的高端化已经成为行业共识,关键乳原料的国产替代存在大量市场缺口,目前头部乳企已经在布局乳铁蛋白、脱盐乳清粉等关键原料的自主生产,掌握相关技术的工厂可以获得大量下游合作机会,还能帮助下游客户降低成本提升毛利。

3. 数字化升级启示:头部乳企已经在推进全链路供应链的数智化精益运营,有效缩短了库存、应收的周转天数,实现了降本增效,工厂推进数智化升级是必然趋势,通过精益管理压缩生产流通成本,才能适配行业利润竞争的要求。

本文梳理了中国乳业进入存量竞争时代后的行业变化,为乳业相关服务商指明了市场需求与发展方向,核心干货总结如下:

1. 行业整体发展趋势:中国乳业已经告别粗放式规模扩张阶段,全面进入精耕细作的价值竞争时代,全行业都在向低温奶、功能性乳品、技术驱动高端化三个方向转型,大部分乳企都有升级转型的需求,相关服务市场空间广阔。

2. 乳企核心痛点梳理:当前乳企转型过程中存在多个核心痛点,一是关键乳原料长期依赖进口,需要国产替代相关的技术与供应链服务;二是全链路供应链需要降本增效,存在数智化升级改造的需求;三是为了减少中间利润损耗,乳企普遍在提升DTC直销占比,需要对应的渠道运营服务支持。

3. 解决方案开发方向:服务商可以围绕低温奶冷链物流升级、功能性乳品研发技术支持、乳企供应链数智化改造、DTC直销渠道运营等方向开发适配性解决方案,匹配当前乳企转型的核心需求,抓住行业转型带来的增长机会。

本文梳理了中国乳业转型阶段的各类需求,对乳业相关平台的招商、运营、风险规避都有较高参考价值,核心干货总结如下:

1. 商家对平台的核心需求:当前乳企普遍处于转型期,对平台有多维度的新需求,比如低温奶需要平台提供配套的冷链物流支持与本地化运营服务,功能性乳品需要平台提供精准人群的流量匹配支持,乳企拓展DTC直销渠道,也需要平台提供直达消费者的运营工具与流量支持。

2. 平台招商布局方向:平台可以重点倾斜资源给低温奶、功能性乳品、技术驱动型乳企这三类商家,这类商家是当前行业的增长主力,利润空间更大,长期发展势能更充足,无论是头部乳企的大单品还是区域乳企的差异化产品,都有不错的增长潜力。

3. 风险规避提示:平台需要提示入驻商家相关行业风险,包括婴配粉赛道受出生率下滑影响的结构性压力,海外并购带来的资产减值风险,提醒商家在存量市场不要盲目追求规模扩张,要关注产品结构优化与利润健康度,避免陷入增收不增利的陷阱。

本文基于2025年七家头部乳企的最新财报数据,梳理了中国乳业的最新产业动向与现存问题,对产业研究具有较高的参考价值,核心干货总结如下:

1. 产业最新动向:中国乳业已经告别过去大水漫灌的粗放式双位数增长时代,正式进入精耕细作的价值竞争时代,行业竞争逻辑已经从拼规模扩张,转向拼产品结构、拼运营效率、拼技术研发,当前全行业已经明确三个核心升级方向,分别是低温奶、功能性乳品、技术驱动的高端化,头部玩家已经跑通四种成熟盈利模式。

2. 产业现存新问题:当前行业面临多个共性新问题,一是整体需求疲软,传统常规品类增长普遍失速;二是婴配粉赛道受出生率下滑影响出现结构性萎缩,头部品牌首当其冲承受调整压力;三是部分企业布局海外并购出现资产风险,经营不善的海外资产会大幅反噬集团利润;四是存量竞争下企业需要平衡扩张投入与利润的关系。

3. 研究方向启示:研究者可以围绕存量市场下乳企的盈利模式创新、细分赛道的增长空间、关键原料国产替代对乳业毛利的影响等方向展开进一步深入研究。

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Quick Summary

This article discloses the latest 2025 performance of seven leading Chinese dairy companies and summarizes the overall development trends of China's dairy industry. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. The industry has left behind its era of extensive double-digit annual growth and large-scale expansion, and entered a stage of profit-focused stock competition. Growth is now driven by product structure optimization and operational efficiency improvements rather than pure scale expansion. The combined total revenue of the seven leading dairy companies exceeds 270 billion yuan, forming the core backbone of the entire industry.

2. Consumer demand has shifted noticeably: the public has moved from "drinking more milk" to "drinking better milk", and now prioritizes high-quality, targeted nutrition. Low-temperature fresh milk and functional dairy products have become the core growth drivers of the industry. Low-temperature milk boasts a 7.2% compound annual growth rate (CAGR), far outpacing the 0.4% CAGR of room-temperature milk, and its market size is expected to exceed 70 billion yuan by 2025.

3. The industry's premiumization shift has evolved from concept marketing to technology-driven development. Leading dairy companies are prioritizing domestic substitution of key raw materials, which reduces costs, lifts product gross margins, and lets them seize control of their supply chains.

This article reviews the 2025 performance and industry trends of China's dairy sector, offering multi-dimensional insights for dairy brand operations. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Consumer trends: Consumer demand for dairy has shifted from meeting volume requirements to pursuing quality. Driven by the普及 of health-focused consumption concepts, low-temperature milk and functional dairy products have become must-compete tracks for the entire industry. Low-temperature milk is growing against broader market headwinds, with a CAGR far higher than room-temperature milk, and its market size is set to exceed 70 billion yuan soon.

2. Profit pathway references: Leading dairy companies have validated four mature profit models: adjusting product structure to increase the share of high-margin businesses, fine-grained operation to cut costs and improve efficiency, breaking out through differentiated low-temperature positioning, and driving national expansion via blockbuster single products. Brands of all sizes can find a suitable pathway among these models.

3. Risk warnings: Overseas mergers and acquisitions are a double-edged sword — underperforming overseas assets can drag down a group's overall profit. The infant formula segment faces structural pressure from declining birth rates; brands need to adjust expenses promptly after revenue drops to avoid significant profit erosion.

This article outlines the latest changes in China's dairy industry during its transitional period, highlighting opportunity directions and risks to avoid for dairy-related sellers. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Demand shifts and growth opportunities: Consumers now prefer high-quality, fresh dairy with targeted nutrition, making low-temperature milk and functional dairy products blue-ocean growth tracks against broader market headwinds. In Q3 2025, low-temperature pure milk sales grew nearly 20% year-over-year, and the full-year market size is expected to exceed 70 billion yuan, with a 7.2% CAGR far outpacing the growth potential of the traditional room-temperature milk segment.

2. Actionable insights from industry leaders: Sellers can adopt mature strategies from top players: proactively adjusting product structure to increase the share of high-margin products, cutting overhead and improving efficiency via fine-grained management, adopting a differentiated low-temperature positioning to avoid price wars, and driving growth through flagship blockbuster products. Sellers can also increase the share of DTC direct sales channels to reduce profit leakage through intermediaries.

3. Risks to watch out for: Sellers should be alert to structural shrinkage pressure in the infant formula segment driven by falling birth rates, and asset impairment risks from overseas M&A. When revenue declines, cut corresponding expenses promptly to avoid excessive profit erosion.

This article reviews the latest 2025 industry trends of China's dairy sector, clarifying demand shifts, business opportunities and upgrade directions for dairy processing factories. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Product development and manufacturing requirements: Market demand has shifted to premium, functional and low-temperature dairy products. Factories need to adjust their production capacity to meet the requirements of low-temperature and functional dairy products, and develop products tailored to targeted nutrition needs across different consumer groups and use cases — for example, sugar control and bone health products for middle-aged and elderly consumers, and growth-focused nutrition products for children — to align with current consumer upgrade trends.

2. Business opportunities: Technology-driven premiumization has become an industry-wide consensus, and there is a large market gap for domestic substitution of key dairy raw materials. Leading dairy companies are already developing domestic production of key raw materials such as lactoferrin and desalted whey powder. Factories with relevant core technologies can secure a large volume of downstream cooperation opportunities, while also helping downstream clients cut costs and improve gross margins.

3. Insights for digital upgrading: Leading dairy companies have adopted end-to-end digital intelligent lean operations across their entire supply chains, which effectively shortens inventory and accounts receivable turnover days and delivers cost reduction and efficiency gains. Digital upgrading for factories is an inevitable trend; only by compressing production and distribution costs through lean management can factories adapt to the profit-focused competition of the current industry.

This article reviews industry changes after China's dairy sector entered the stock competition era, outlining market demand and development directions for dairy-related service providers. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Overall industry trends: China's dairy industry has left behind the era of extensive large-scale expansion, and fully entered a value competition era that requires intensive cultivation. The entire industry is transforming toward three core directions: low-temperature milk, functional dairy products, and technology-driven premiumization. Most dairy enterprises have transformation and upgrading needs, creating broad market space for related service providers.

2. Core pain points for dairy enterprises: Dairy enterprises face multiple core pain points during transformation: first, they have long relied on imports for key dairy raw materials, and require technology and supply chain services to support domestic substitution; second, they need end-to-end supply chain cost reduction and efficiency improvements, driving demand for digital transformation; third, to reduce intermediate profit leakage, dairy enterprises are generally increasing the share of DTC direct sales, and require corresponding channel operation support services.

3. Solution development directions: Service providers can develop tailored solutions around cold chain logistics upgrading for low-temperature milk, R&D technical support for functional dairy products, digital supply chain transformation for dairy enterprises, and DTC direct sales channel operation to match the core transformation needs of dairy enterprises and capture growth opportunities from industry-wide transformation.

This article sorts out various demands during China's dairy industry's transformation period, offering valuable reference for investment attraction, operation and risk mitigation for dairy-related platforms. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Core demands from merchants on platforms: Most dairy enterprises are in a transformation period, and have new multi-dimensional demands for platforms: for example, low-temperature milk brands require supporting cold chain logistics and localized operation services from platforms; functional dairy brands require traffic matching targeting specific consumer groups; and dairy enterprises expanding DTC direct sales channels need platform-provided operation tools and traffic access to reach consumers directly.

2. Merchant recruitment and positioning directions for platforms: Platforms can prioritize resource allocation to three categories of merchants: low-temperature milk brands, functional dairy brands, and technology-driven dairy enterprises. These merchants are the current growth engine of the industry, feature larger profit margins and stronger long-term growth momentum, and both blockbuster products from leading national dairy enterprises and differentiated products from regional dairy players boast solid growth potential.

3. Risk mitigation reminders: Platforms should alert participating merchants to industry risks, including structural pressure on the infant formula segment from falling birth rates, and asset impairment risks from overseas M&A. Merchants should be reminded not to blindly pursue scale expansion in the stock market, and instead focus on product structure optimization and profit health to avoid the trap of growing revenue without growing profit.

Based on the latest 2025 financial data of seven leading Chinese dairy companies, this article sorts out the latest industry trends and existing problems in China's dairy sector, offering high reference value for industrial research. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Latest industry trends: China's dairy industry has left behind the era of extensive double-digit growth driven by broad-based expansion, and officially entered an era of intensive value competition. The competitive logic has shifted from scale expansion to competition over product structure, operational efficiency and technological R&D. The industry has now clarified three core upgrading directions: low-temperature milk, functional dairy products, and technology-driven premiumization, and leading players have validated four mature profit models.

2. New existing industry problems: The industry currently faces several common new challenges: first, overall demand is sluggish, and growth of traditional conventional categories has generally stalled; second, the infant formula segment is facing structural shrinkage due to falling birth rates, with leading brands bearing the brunt of adjustment pressure; third, some enterprises that have pursued overseas M&A have encountered asset risks, with underperforming overseas assets significantly dragging down group profit; fourth, enterprises need to balance expansion investment and profit in the stock competition environment.

3. Insights for future research directions: Researchers can conduct further in-depth research on topics including profit model innovation for dairy enterprises in the stock market, growth potential of niche market segments, and the impact of domestic substitution of key raw materials on dairy industry gross margins.

Disclaimer: The "Quick Summary" content is entirely generated by AI. Please exercise discretion when interpreting the information. For issues or corrections, please email run@ebrun.com .

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中国乳业已经告别了“大水漫灌”的增长时代,进入“精耕细作”的价值时代。

文丨卜晚乔

编辑丨张睿

【亿邦原创】2025年,中国乳业交出了一份“体感复杂”的成绩单。

伊利、蒙牛、光明、飞鹤、君乐宝、新乳业、三元——这七家乳企合计营收规模超过2700亿元,几乎支撑了整个行业的骨架。

体感复杂之处在于:总营收增速普遍放缓,行业告别了每年双位数增长的粗放时代。

但这并不等于退步。更值得关注的是另一组数据:伊利净利润逆势增长近37%,新乳业利润增速超过35%,蒙牛净利润增长更是超10倍,光明乳业和三元股份虽然因海外业务商誉减值出现阶段性亏损,但主业依然稳健。

可见,行业整体告别了规模狂欢,正在转向质量角逐。

图片

注:君乐宝2025年全年数据尚未披露,表中营收为根据2024年全年198亿元及2025年前三季度151亿元推估,净利润为2024年全年11.15亿元。

不是卖更多,而是赚更多

如果只看营收,2025年的乳业几乎可以用“停滞”来形容。

伊利营收1159.31亿元,同比微增0.13%;蒙牛822.45亿元,同比下降7.3%;光明238.95亿元,下降1.58%;三元63.4亿元,下降9.58%;飞鹤营收181.13亿元,下降12.7%;新乳业112.33亿元,增长5.33%——六家之中,(君乐宝未上市)营收正增长的仅有伊利、新乳业两家。

但利润表却呈现出另一番景象。

图片

伊利归母净利润115.65亿元,同比增长36.82%,净利率达到9.96%,创下历史新高——这个数字相当于其他六家合计净利润(约154亿元)的75%,也意味着,伊利在营收几乎持平的情况下,多赚了超过30亿元。

蒙牛归母净利润15.45亿元,同比增幅高达1378.7%。虽然低基数是重要原因,(2024年蒙牛对收购澳洲奶粉品牌贝拉米形成的商誉及无形资产计提了约39.81亿元的减值拨备,导致当年归母净利润被压低至仅1.05亿元。)但更值得关注的是其经营质量的实质性改善:毛利率39.9%、经营活动现金流87.5亿元、自由现金流63亿元,三项指标均创下历史最高水平。

新乳业归母净利润7.31亿元,同比增长35.98%。其净利率从2023年的约3.9%提升至6.7%,在行业中并不算高,但考虑到其百亿级的营收规模和双位数的利润增速,这一改善幅度相当可观。

三元股份账面亏损2.26亿元,但若剔除法国子公司HCo的4.97亿元商誉减值,主业实际盈利约2.71亿元。这意味着三元的主业经营面并未恶化,亏损主要来自一次性的会计处理。

飞鹤的利润腰斩至19.39亿元,同比下降45.68%。由于行业0-3岁目标客群从4190万缩减至2650万,飞鹤在结构性转型的过程中主动清理渠道库存。但需要看到,其婴配粉毛利率反而提升至73.5%,比2024年还高出2.2个百分点。

光明乳业亏损1.49亿元,是七家中唯一真正“亏钱”的企业。但亏损的主因是新西兰子公司新莱特亏损4.07亿元,国内业务实际上仍然盈利。

营收增速放缓,利润却在增长——钱从哪来?

当规模扩张不再驱动增长,利润从何而来?答案并不单一。七家企业的盈利路径大致分为三种:结构优化型、效率驱动型、大单品驱动型。

▎伊利股份:结构换挡,奶粉扛起利润大旗

伊利是“结构优化型”的典型代表。

2025年,伊利液体乳收入同比下降6.11%至704.22亿元。这一下滑是“量价齐跌”的结果——销量下降减少收入4.80亿元,销售价格变动减少收入22.94亿元,产品结构调整减少收入18.07亿元。液体乳作为伊利的基本盘,正在经历深度调整。

然而,正是在这个“下滑”的表象下,伊利的利润结构发生了根本性变化。

伊利的奶粉及奶制品业务实现营收327.69亿元,同比增长10.42%。更重要的是,该业务毛利率高达41.58%,比液体乳高出约10个百分点。仅奶粉一个板块,就贡献了136.24亿元毛利,占毛利总额的33.83%。冷饮业务同样表现不俗:营收98.22亿元,同比增长12.63%,毛利率37.89%。

两大高毛利业务合计,营收占比从2023年的30.34%提升至2025年的36.74%,毛利占比更是从35.36%提升至43.07%。这是伊利净利率从2023年的约8.5%提升至9.96%的核心驱动力。

与此同时,原奶价格处于近十年低位,低成本叠加费用管控——销售费用同比下降1.99%——进一步推高了利润空间。

伊利的钱,不是从多卖牛奶中赚来的,而是从“卖什么”的结构调整中赚来的。 当奶粉和冷饮的毛利贡献超过四成,市场再用“液态奶公司”的框架来估值伊利,已经不合时宜了。

▎蒙牛乳业:精细化运营,“省”出来的利润

蒙牛的故事与伊利截然不同。

2025年蒙牛营收下滑7.3%,但归母净利润却暴增近14倍。虽然低基数是重要原因,但更值得关注的是其经营质量的实质性改善。

蒙牛的毛利率达到39.9%,创下历史新高。利润从哪来?从精细化管理中来。

在产品端,蒙牛的品类结构持续优化。鲜奶板块实现双位数增长,“每日鲜语”切入高端鲜奶细分赛道;奶酪板块全年增长超20%;奶粉板块全年增长近双位数;常温奶板块则通过推出“软牛奶”以及益生元、维生素等功能牛奶,拓宽饮奶人群和增量市场。

2025年,蒙牛在供应链体系推进数智化与精益运营,实现了从采购、生产到物流、销售的全链路降本增效。全年销售及经销费用同比减少6.5%至215.9亿元,行政费用同比减少1.9%至41.5亿元;存货周转天数由37.7天缩短至35.9天,应收账款周转天数由14.3天缩短至12.6天。在营收同比下降7.3%的背景下,经营现金流仍同比增长5%至87.5亿元,自由现金流创下63亿元的历史新高。

蒙牛的钱,是从运营效率和管理精度中“省”出来的。 在营收下滑的背景下,将毛利率做到历史最高。

▎新乳业:低温战法,高毛利产品拉高利润

新乳业是七家中规模最小的,但利润增速(35.98%)却位居前列。它的打法很清晰:聚焦低温奶。

2025年,新乳业特色酸奶同比增长超过30%,高端鲜奶“今日鲜奶铺”增长超过20%。“鲜酸双强”的品类策略正在兑现。

随着低温产品占比提升,新乳业整体毛利率连续三年上升:从2023年的26.9%升至2024年的28.4%,再到2025年的29.2%。净利率也从约3.9%提升至6.7%。

渠道端同样发力。DTC(直达消费者)直销收入同比增长15.1%,电商渠道增长6.4%。直销模式的占比提升,减少了中间环节的利润损耗。

值得注意的是,新乳业2025年广告宣传费同比增长30%,说明其在品牌建设上的投入正在加大——这是一家区域乳企向全国性品牌迈进的必经之路。

新乳业的钱,是通过卖更贵的低温奶、绕开价格战赚来的。 它的经验证明,在乳业“红海”中,差异化路线仍然可行。

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▎君乐宝:大单品驱动,简醇撑起半边天

君乐宝尚未披露完整年报,但招股书和公开信息已揭示其盈利逻辑:靠大单品打天下。

根据招股书,简醇(0蔗糖酸奶)年销售额已突破40亿元,成为低温酸奶第一品牌;悦鲜活2025年前三季度贡献收入22.47亿元,同比增长40.6%,已成长为高端鲜奶第一品牌,在高端鲜奶市场占有率达24%。

两大单品撑起了君乐宝的核心收入。但是,规模增长的代价是利润不高。君乐宝净利率长期维持在3%至4% 的区间,显著低于伊利(约8%)、蒙牛(约5%),更远低于飞鹤(约18%)。究其原因,一方面,作为后来者,要全国化布局、突破伊利蒙牛的渠道壁垒,并在消费者心中建立品牌认知,需要巨额投入;另一方面,其奶粉基本盘以高品质、高性价比著称,这一定位本身毛利率就低于高端产品,限制了利润空间。

2025年前三季度,君乐宝营收151.34亿元,经调整净利润9.45亿元,净利润率提升至6.2%。相比2023年的约3.4%,已经有所改善。

▎飞鹤、光明、三元:为什么它们没有“赚更多”?

飞鹤的利润腰斩,并非产品不赚钱。其婴配粉毛利率反而提升至73.5%,比2024年还高2.2个百分点。问题是婴配粉收入同比下滑16.8%至158.7亿元,毛利总额大幅缩水;与此同时,销售及经销开支2024年为71.81亿元,2025年仍达71.62亿元,基本持平。也就是说,收入减少的同时费用没缩减,销售费用率因此从34.6%被动攀升至39.5%,直接吞噬了利润空间。

飞鹤的困境反映了婴配粉赛道的结构性压力:出生率下滑导致市场蛋糕缩小,而飞鹤作为行业第一(全渠道市占率19%),首当其冲承受了调整的阵痛。

光明和三元则是“账面亏损、主业尚稳”的典型。光明亏损1.49亿元,主因新西兰子公司新莱特亏损4.07亿元,生产基地出现生产问题造成存货报废、生产成本费用增加。三元亏损2.26亿元,主因法国子公司HCo商誉减值4.97亿元,若剔除一次性因素,主业实际盈利约2.71亿元。

它们的共同教训是:海外并购是把双刃剑。当海外业务运转正常时,它可以成为利润增长点;当出现问题时,它会反噬整个集团的利润表。

七家乳企的盈利路径各不相同,但指向同一个结论:在存量市场里,赚钱的能力不再取决于规模大小,而取决于结构优劣和运营效率。

高端化和功能性乳品成为必争之地

如果说利润增长是“果”,那么产品结构优化就是“因”。根据2025年行业财报可以看出,无论巨头还是区域乳企,都在通过产品结构升级寻找利润空间,低温奶、特色奶、功能性乳品是共同的发力方向。

▎低温奶:逆势增长的赛道

在乳企业绩普遍承压,液体乳业务增长失速,乳制品行业进入结构性调整期的背景下,低温类产品正成为乳制品行业少数逆势增长的细分领域。

中国乳制品工业协会发布的《2025中国奶商指数报告》指出,公众认知正从“多喝奶”向“喝好奶”转变。消费者饮奶知识的普及度明显提高,其中,关于乳制品营养成分的认知同比提升约13%,健康消费理念更加普及,公众的乳制品消费观念已从量的满足转向质的追求。

在这样的消费认知变迁下,低温乳制品以更新鲜、更具营养价值、更贴近原奶营养成分的优势逐步受到消费者青睐,市场份额不断扩大。(低温乳制品是指在生产、储存和运输过程中需保持2℃至6℃低温环境的乳品,包括巴氏鲜奶、低温酸奶、低温奶酪等品类。)

马上赢品牌CT的数据显示,2025年第三季度,低温纯牛奶市场表现突出,销售额同比增长19.68%。QYResearch预计,2025年低温乳制品市场规模有望突破700亿元。

典型的低温奶品牌如君乐宝的“悦鲜活”,新乳业的“24小时鲜牛乳”、“今日鲜奶铺”系列产品、“朝日唯品”,蒙牛的“每日鲜语”均实现了高双位数增长。

从行业趋势看,低温液奶市场规模的年复合增长率达7.2%,远超常温奶0.4%的增速。这一结构性差异决定了:未来乳业的增长,将更多地来自低温赛道。

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▎功能性乳品:从“好喝”到“有用”

过去,消费者买牛奶看重的是“好喝”和“营养”。现在,“功能”正在成为新的购买理由。

蒙牛在这方面布局最深。常温板块推出“软牛奶”以及益生元、维生素等功能牛奶,拓宽饮奶人群和增量市场;奶粉板块聚焦功能性细分市场,比如,成人粉“悠瑞”针对银发群体推出骨力金装(Ca-HMB骨骼关节肌肉协同养护)、舒安(低GI控糖)等功能产品,儿童粉“一米八八”主打骨骼成长,婴配粉“瑞哺恩”以全球首创母源MLCT技术提升吸收率。2025年11月,蒙牛旗下运动营养品牌“迈胜”完成近亿元A轮融资,由仙乐健康领投,高瓴创投与蒙牛创投跟投。

伊利则提出从“乳业龙头”向“全域健康食品提供者”转型,通过横向拓展与纵向升级构建三大产品体系:基础营养满足日常所需,精准营养覆盖全生命周期(如欣活“骨骼-关节-肌肉”系列),场景化功能产品应对血糖、肠道等特定健康问题(如舒化安糖健、畅适益生菌)。同时,伊利加速进军保健品,一面与同仁堂等药企合作强化专业背书,一面推出畅适益生菌冻干粉、免疫球蛋白蛋白粉等快消化形态产品,并以自主研发的BL-99、K56等专利菌株及全球前三的乳铁蛋白产能构筑技术壁垒。

飞鹤同样在加速从“婴儿奶粉公司”向“全生命周期营养公司”转型,战略核心是“以婴配级标准延伸至全龄产品矩阵”。其成人功能营养品牌“爱本”主攻“肌肉骨骼一起补”,推出了爱本跃动蛋白营养粉(含独家自研活性小分子乳蛋白)、牛初乳系列(2025年同比增长30%)、小分子乳蛋白系列等功能产品;面向乳糖不耐及中老年人群推出“鲜萃乳蛋白营养粉”;儿童青少年板块则有蔬菜奶酪、免疫护眼营养品等。

功能性乳品的崛起,本质上是消费分级的产物。当基础营养需求被满足后,消费者开始为“更好”“更精准”的营养付费。这为乳企提供了提价的空间和差异化竞争的可能。

▎技术驱动的高端化

值得注意的是,高端化的内涵正在从“概念包装”转向“技术驱动”。

蒙牛在精深加工领域取得突破:乳铁蛋白、胶束酪蛋白、脱盐乳清粉D90等产品达标,马斯卡彭奶酪、原制马苏里拉奶酪相继生产下线,打破进口依赖。这些技术成果不仅提升了产品附加值,还降低了对外部供应链的依赖。

飞鹤则在原料自主化方面取得进展,目前,有11种关键乳原料实现商业化自产,包括乳铁蛋白、脱盐乳清粉、酪蛋白、水解乳蛋白等。婴配粉毛利率提升至73.5%,部分得益于原料自主化带来的成本下降。简单说,就是用国产技术替代进口原料,既降了成本,又拉高了毛利率,还掌握了供应链主动权。

▶ 结语

七份财报显示:中国乳业已经告别了“大水漫灌”的增长时代,进入“精耕细作”的价值时代。

短期看,行业仍然面临需求疲软、竞争加剧、海外资产风险等压力;但长期看,那些在产品力、供应链效率、技术研发上持续投入的企业,正在积累下一轮爆发的势能。低温奶、功能性乳品、技术驱动的高端化——这三个方向,正在重新定义中国乳业的竞争逻辑。

亿邦持续追踪报道该情报,如想了解更多与本文相关信息,请扫码关注作者微信。

文章来源:亿邦动力

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