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618双线作战 刘强东想在海外复制一个京东

关注新商业的 2026-06-18 22:38
关注新商业的 2026/06/18 22:38

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本文核心介绍了京东谋划十年的出海战略近期加速落地,在欧洲推出线上零售品牌Joybuy,并计划在下半年测试精选开放平台的核心信息,干货要点如下:

1. 此次京东出海和Temu、Shein的直邮铺货模式不同,走本地零售路线,已经在欧洲建成60多个仓库站点,核心30余个城市覆盖超4000万人口,可做到上午下单下午收货,主打靠谱、高效的购物体验。

2. Joybuy采用“自营+精选开放平台”模式,仅邀请优质品牌入驻,不接个人卖家、不走低价铺货,要求产品符合欧盟相关法规,在补充商品品类的同时控制库存风险,保障用户体验,差异化定位为亚马逊之外的高品质购物选项。

3. 京东此次出海是开辟第二增长曲线的重要布局,国内电商用户增长接近天花板,京东计划将国内成熟的供应链效率能力复制到欧洲,还计划收购德国零售巨头CECONOMY,打通线上线下全渠道。

本文披露了欧洲电商市场的最新变化和京东Joybuy开放平台的新渠道政策,对布局欧洲市场的品牌商有较高参考价值,核心干货如下:

1. 市场机会层面:欧盟从7月1日起取消150欧元以下低值包裹免税政策,依赖直邮的低价跨境电商成本大幅上涨;同时欧洲头部平台亚马逊佣金、流量成本不断攀升,大量本土优质品牌正在寻找新的靠谱渠道,市场出现新的品牌增长缺口。

2. 渠道合作层面:Joybuy下半年开启精选开放平台测试,面向中国和欧洲优质品牌开放邀请入驻,提供两种履约方案,品牌可选择入仓由京东本地配送,也可自行发货,能对接京东成熟的物流供应链能力和欧洲高净值用户群体。

3. 竞争方向层面:当前欧洲电商的差异化机会在于品质和履约效率,Joybuy不走低价竞争路线,定位高净值用户市场,和品牌追求的长期品牌溢价方向一致,适合品牌布局新阵地,建立品牌心智。

本文披露了京东出海欧洲开放平台的最新动向,给想布局欧洲市场的卖家梳理了新机会和需要注意的事项,核心干货如下:

1. 市场新机会:欧洲电商市场现有头部平台佣金、流量成本持续上涨,大量本土品牌和出海中国品牌都在寻找新渠道,京东Joybuy推出的精选开放平台主打差异化品质路线,不和低价平台恶性竞争,新平台初期存在流量红利,对优质品牌卖家是新的增长机会。

2. 入驻规则与模式:入驻门槛较高,要求卖家拥有自有品牌或正规品牌授权,产品符合CE/REACH/WEEE等欧盟法规,不接受个人卖家入驻;支持两种履约方式,入仓京东可享受平台本地配送的时效优势,提升用户体验。

3. 风险提示:截至目前京东还未公布入驻费用、仓配服务搜索权重倾斜等具体招商规则,存在一定政策不确定性,同时项目最终落地效果还有待观察,建议卖家跟进后续规则发布后再做决策。

本文介绍了京东出海欧洲的最新战略布局,给计划出海的国内工厂带来了新的商业机会和发展启示,核心干货如下:

1. 产品需求与市场机会:欧洲市场日常消费的高频复购品类以厨房小电器、家居收纳、个护清洁、母婴宠物为主,这类品类品牌多、规格碎、季节波动大,京东自营模式很难覆盖全品类,开放精选平台后给国内这类工厂的自有品牌留出了进入欧洲市场的缺口。

2. 出海新渠道:京东已经在欧洲搭建完成本地仓配网络,核心区域可实现当日次日达,工厂品牌入驻后可直接依托京东的物流基建能力打开市场,不需要自行投入巨资搭建海外仓储配送体系,大幅降低了工厂出海的门槛。

3. 数字化转型启示:京东在欧洲部署的智狼仓用近200台自动化设备将拣货效率提升约4倍,验证了自动化仓储对效率的提升作用,给工厂出海布局仓储物流数字化提供了参考,走本地化运营路线更容易获得当地消费者信任。

本文梳理了当前欧洲跨境电商行业的发展新趋势,以及品牌卖家的核心痛点,给出海服务商指明了新的发展方向,核心干货如下:

1. 行业发展新趋势:欧洲跨境电商正在从早期的低价直邮铺货模式,向本地化品质运营升级,欧盟新的税收政策直接压缩了低价直邮模式的利润空间,整个行业都面临升级调整,给服务商带来了新的业务机会。

2. 客户核心痛点:当前欧洲头部平台佣金和流量成本不断攀升,新入驻品牌很难获得流量和优质履约体验,中小品牌也没有足够的资金自建本地化仓配体系,亟需配套服务支撑他们布局新渠道。

3. 解决方案与业务方向:京东Joybuy开放平台的落地,带动了大量优质品牌出海欧洲,服务商可围绕平台入驻需求,开展欧盟合规咨询、品牌运营、本地营销推广等配套服务,依托京东的开放生态,切入欧洲电商新的增长周期,拓展自身业务边界。

本文分享了京东出海欧洲Joybuy平台的最新玩法,给其他布局出海的平台提供了可参考的经验和风险提示,核心干货如下:

1. 欧洲市场对平台的核心需求:消费者既要求商品品类丰富满足一站式购物,又要求快速配送和可靠服务;品牌方则需要成本更低、流量更稳定的新渠道,对本地化履约能力有强需求。

2. Joybuy的创新做法:走差异化竞争路线,避开低价红海,主打精选优质品牌,采用自营+精选开放平台的模式,既通过自营保障核心体验,又通过开放平台补充长尾品类,控制库存成本,依托自建本地仓配网络打出时效差异化,建立竞争壁垒。

3. 风向规避经验:纯自营扩张会带来极高的库存成本和扩张瓶颈,纯开放平台又难以保障服务质量,精选开放平台是平衡成本和体验的有效思路;同时需要紧跟欧盟政策变化,避开直邮低价模式的税收风险,可通过并购本土线下企业整合供应链资源,实现全渠道协同。

本文记录了中国头部电商京东出海欧洲的最新战略实践,反映了中国电商出海的产业新动向,对研究电商国际化有重要的参考价值,核心干货如下:

1. 产业新动向:中国电商出海已经从早期的跨境直邮铺货阶段,升级为输出本土化供应链能力的新阶段,京东此次出海复制国内“自营+开放平台”的成熟模式,走本地基建、本地运营的路线,和早期浅尝辄止的出海尝试完全不同,是中国头部电商全球化的新探索。

2. 新商业模式探索:区别于当前主流的全托管低价出海模式,Joybuy打造“精选开放平台+本地高效履约”的差异化模式,主打品质和品牌溢价,定位为亚马逊之外的替代方案,探索了中国电商出海的差异化商业模式。

3. 待研究的新问题:该模式最终能否成功,取决于优质品牌招募速度、本地履约成本控制、和本土零售企业CECONOMY的整合深度三个核心变量,为研究中国电商能力出海、供应链模式输出提供了全新的典型案例,值得持续跟踪研究。

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Quick Summary

This article introduces JD.com’s decade-in-the-making global expansion strategy, which has recently accelerated. The company has launched its online retail brand Joybuy in Europe and plans to test its curated open platform in the second half of the year. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Unlike the drop-ship bulk model adopted by Temu and Shein, JD is pursuing a localization strategy for its European expansion. It has already built over 60 warehouse sites across the region, covering more than 40 million people in over 30 core cities, enabling same-afternoon delivery for orders placed in the morning. It positions itself as a reliable, efficient shopping alternative.

2. Joybuy operates a "self-operated + curated open platform" model, only inviting premium brands to join. It does not onboard individual sellers or compete on low-price bulk listings, and requires all products to comply with EU regulations. This approach expands product assortment while controlling inventory risk and protecting user experience, positioning it as a high-quality alternative to Amazon.

3. This European expansion is a core strategic move to unlock JD.com's second growth curve. With domestic e-commerce user growth nearing a ceiling, JD plans to replicate its proven, efficient domestic supply chain capabilities in Europe. It also plans to acquire German retail giant CECONOMY to build an integrated omni-channel ecosystem that combines online and offline operations.

This article outlines the latest shifts in the European e-commerce market and the new channel policies of JD.com’s Joybuy open platform, offering key insights for brands looking to expand into Europe. Core takeaways are as follows:

1. Market opportunity: Starting July 1, the EU eliminated the VAT exemption for low-value packages under €150, drastically increasing costs for low-price cross-border e-commerce operators relying on direct shipping. At the same time, commission and traffic costs on Amazon, Europe’s leading platform, continue to rise, driving many high-quality local brands to search for new reliable channels, creating new growth gaps for brands in the market.

2. Channel cooperation terms: Joybuy will launch the test of its curated open platform in the second half of this year, extending invitations to high-quality Chinese and European brands. It offers two fulfillment options: brands can choose to store inventory in JD’s warehouses for local delivery, or handle shipping on their own. This lets brands leverage JD’s mature logistics supply chain and access Europe’s high-net-worth user base.

3. Competitive positioning: The biggest opportunity for differentiation in today’s European e-commerce market lies in product quality and fulfillment efficiency. Joybuy avoids price competition and targets the high-net-worth consumer segment, aligning with brands’ goals of building long-term brand premium. It is an ideal new market for brands to establish local brand awareness.

This article covers the latest updates on JD.com’s European expansion and its open platform, outlining new opportunities and key considerations for sellers targeting the European market. Key insights are as follows:

1. New market opportunities: Commission and traffic costs on Europe’s incumbent leading platforms keep rising, and both local European brands and Chinese cross-border brands are actively seeking alternative channels. Joybuy’s curated open platform pursues a differentiated quality-focused strategy and avoids cutthroat competition with low-price platforms. Early movers on the new platform can benefit from initial traffic incentives, making it a new growth opportunity for premium brand sellers.

2. Onboarding requirements and operating model: Entry barriers are relatively high. Sellers must own their brand or hold official brand authorization, and all products must comply with EU regulations including CE, REACH and WEEE. Individual sellers are not accepted. The platform supports two fulfillment methods: storing inventory in JD warehouses lets sellers leverage the platform’s fast local delivery to improve customer experience.

3. Risk note: As of yet, JD has not released specific招商 rules including onboarding fees, warehouse service terms and search weight allocation, leaving some policy uncertainty. The ultimate performance of the project also remains to be seen. Sellers are advised to wait for the release of full rules before making a decision.

This article outlines JD.com’s latest strategic expansion into Europe, highlighting new business opportunities and key takeaways for Chinese factories planning to go global. Core insights are as follows:

1. Product demand and market opportunities: The highest-frequency, repeat-purchase categories in the European market include small kitchen appliances, home storage, personal care and cleaning, and baby and pet products. These categories have a large number of brands, fragmented SKUs and high seasonal volatility, making full coverage difficult for JD’s self-operated model. The launch of the curated open platform creates an entry gap for Chinese factories with their own brands in these categories to access the European market.

2. A new low-barrier entry channel: JD has already completed the construction of a local warehousing and delivery network in Europe, enabling same-day or next-day delivery in core regions. After onboarding, factories can directly leverage JD’s existing logistics infrastructure to enter the market, eliminating the need to invest heavily in building their own overseas warehousing and delivery system, drastically lowering the barrier to entry for factory brands going global.

3. Insights for digital transformation: JD’s "Smart Wolf Warehouse" in Europe uses nearly 200 automated devices to boost picking efficiency by approximately 4x. This validates the efficiency gains of automated warehousing, offering a reference for factories looking to build digital logistics when expanding overseas. A localization-focused operation strategy also helps build trust among local consumers.

This article summarizes new industry trends in European cross-border e-commerce and the core pain points of brand sellers, pointing to new growth directions for cross-border service providers. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. New industry trends: European cross-border e-commerce is evolving from the early low-price, bulk direct shipping model to localized, quality-focused operations. New EU tax policies have directly squeezed profit margins for the low-price direct shipping model, forcing the entire industry to upgrade and adjust, which creates new business opportunities for service providers.

2. Core customer pain points: Commission and traffic costs on leading European platforms are rising steadily. Newly onboarding brands struggle to gain traffic and deliver reliable fulfillment experiences, while small and medium-sized brands lack the capital to build their own localized warehousing and delivery systems. They urgently need supporting services to help them enter new channels.

3. Solution and new business directions: The launch of the Joybuy open platform has driven a large wave of premium brands entering Europe. Service providers can develop supporting services centered on platform onboarding needs, including EU compliance consulting, brand operation, and local marketing. By leveraging JD’s open ecosystem, they can tap into the new growth cycle of European e-commerce and expand their own business boundaries.

This article shares the latest operational strategy of JD.com’s Joybuy as it expands into Europe, offering reference insights and risk warnings for other platforms pursuing global expansion. Core takeaways are as follows:

1. Core market demand in Europe: Consumers want both a wide product assortment for one-stop shopping and fast delivery and reliable service. Brands, meanwhile, are looking for new channels with lower costs and more stable traffic, and have strong demand for localized fulfillment capabilities.

2. Joybuy’s innovative strategy: It pursues a differentiated competitive path, avoiding the saturated low-price red ocean by focusing on curated premium brands. Its hybrid "self-operated + curated open platform" model leverages self-operation to guarantee core user experience, while the open platform supplements long-tail product categories and controls inventory costs. By building its own local warehousing and delivery network, it creates competitive differentiation through delivery speed, building strong entry barriers.

3. Insights for risk mitigation: A pure self-operated expansion model leads to extremely high inventory costs and growth bottlenecks, while a pure open platform model struggles to guarantee consistent service quality. A curated open platform is an effective approach to balance cost and user experience. Platforms also need to closely track changes in EU policy and avoid the tax risks associated with the low-price direct shipping model. Acquiring local offline incumbents to integrate supply chain resources can help achieve synergies across online and offline channels.

This paper documents the latest strategic practice of leading Chinese e-commerce player JD.com in its European expansion, reflecting new industry trends in Chinese e-commerce globalization, and offers important reference value for research on e-commerce internationalization. Core observations are as follows:

1. New industry trends: Chinese e-commerce globalization has evolved from the early stage of bulk cross-border direct shipping to a new stage of exporting localized supply chain capabilities. JD’s European expansion replicates its proven domestic "self-operated + open platform" model, and pursues a strategy of building local infrastructure and running localized operations. This is fundamentally different from earlier tentative expansion attempts, and represents a new exploration of globalization by leading Chinese e-commerce companies.

2. Exploration of a new business model: Unlike the dominant low-price fully managed cross-border model today, Joybuy has built a differentiated "curated open platform + efficient local fulfillment" model that focuses on quality and brand premium, positioning itself as a solid alternative to Amazon. It explores a new differentiated business model for Chinese e-commerce globalization.

3. Open research questions: The ultimate success of this model depends on three core variables: the speed of premium brand recruitment, control of local fulfillment costs, and the integration depth with local retail player CECONOMY. It provides an entirely new typical case for research on the export of Chinese e-commerce capabilities and supply chain models, and is worthy of continuous tracking and research.

Disclaimer: The "Quick Summary" content is entirely generated by AI. Please exercise discretion when interpreting the information. For issues or corrections, please email run@ebrun.com .

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Joybuy深耕欧洲,京东出海加速

文|郭梦仪

国内消费者还在蹲618的零点秒杀,欧洲六国却已经提前进入了“黑五模式”。

6月15日,京东旗下欧洲线上零售品牌Joybuy,把“夏季黑五”(Summer Black Friday)大促搬进了英国、德国、荷兰、法国、比利时、卢森堡。

另一个消息是,Joybuy正在与优质品牌合作,在今年下半年开启“精选开放平台”模式测试,向品牌开放入驻。第三方商品可选择入Joybuy仓,由平台配送;或由品牌方自行发货,但需满足平台的时效和服务要求。

在国内电商用户增长见顶、外卖业务仍在爬坡的当下,京东谋划了十年的出海战略,正在逐步落地。

而相比前几次的浅尝辄止,这次京东投入的决心显然更大。

1

Joybuy的底气在哪里?

从一开始,京东Joybuy在欧洲的打法,就跟Temu、Shein那种“从中国直邮铺货”的路子刻意错开。

京东Joybuy是本地零售商的逻辑,靠在欧洲建仓、建JoyExpress配送网络,核心地区可以做到当日达和次日达,卖的就是自营的“靠谱”和“快”。

今年三月,Joybuy宣布在六国上线,六月中旬便传出测试开放平台模式。这一速度,在京东的历史上并不常见,毕竟国内的京东从自营到开始引入三方买家,花了6年的时间。

足以见得,Joybuy的战略规划里一直就有做开放平台的规划。

要吸引用户在Joybuy平台上进行复购,商品就必须够多够全。但自营模式下,每多一个品类,Joybuy就得自己承担采购、库存、滞销的风险。且自营和开放平台承载的功能不同,自营可以向用户提供更好的服务、更快的速度;而开放平台则可以提供更多的商品选择。同时,品牌也能链接京东的物流供应链能力和多个市场的消费者。

所以“精选”开放平台,本质上是保证在扩充商品池的同时,确保消费者依然能够获得值得信赖的购物体验。

首先,自营模式的天花板是SKU。

在欧洲,家庭日常消费的高频复购品类主要是厨房小电器、家居收纳、个护清洁、母婴宠物等,这些品类品牌多、规格碎、季节波动性大。

Joybuy平台目前商品数量有十几万种,但与亚马逊欧洲站数百万SKU的体量相比,差距明显。

自营模式下,每多一个品类,Joybuy就得自己承担采购、库存、滞销的风险,选品、采购、入仓的周期限制了品类丰富度。

要吸引用户在Joybuy平台上进行复购,商品就必须够多够全——但自营的“全”,成本太高。

其次,“精选”开放平台本质上是一道平衡题。

开放第三方品牌店铺,可以在不增加库存风险的前提下,丰富商品选择、补充长尾品类,满足欧洲消费者“一站式购物”期待的同时,也能持续保障值得信赖的购物体验。

京东财报显示,一季度集团的履约开支达234亿元,同比增长18.5%,在收入中占比升至7.4%。如果在海外复制这套重资产模式,京东的投入规模将呈指数级放大。

京东虽然已在欧洲运营超60个仓库和快递站点,并在英国米尔顿凯恩斯部署了首个海外“智狼仓”(配备近200台自动化设备,拣货效率提升约4倍),但纯自营的扩张速度,远跟不上市场需求。

所以Joybuy要控制好一个变量:让什么样的品牌被选进来。但截至目前,京东还没有公布入驻相关费用、仓配服务对应的搜索权重倾斜等具体招商规则。

京东此前并非没有尝试过国际化。

公开资料显示,2014年,京东在俄罗斯推出俄语站;2015年上线印尼站;2017年推出“京东全球售”。但这些尝试大多以自营或合资模式展开,最终未能形成规模效应。

刘强东在去年6月的内部分享中表示“京东的国际业务不走跨境电商模式,而是要本地基建、本地员工、本地采购、本地发货。”

Joybuy引入三方的快速落地,正是这一思路的实践。

通过沿用国内的“自营+开放平台”路线,让成熟的欧洲本土品牌和供应链为Joybuy的货架“填空”。

2

京东不想做第二个Temu

Joybuy的开放平台试点,有一个醒目的定语——“精选”。

根据出海网披露的信息,Joybuy的入驻门槛相当严苛:拥有自有品牌或正规授权,产品须符合CE/REACH/WEEE等欧盟法规。

平台明确“不走低价铺货、不接个人卖家”,采用邀请制+半托管模式,即将面向中国和欧洲的优质第三方品牌开放入驻。

这与其他平台的“全托管+极致低价”路线形成了鲜明对比。7月1日起,欧盟将终结对150欧元以下包裹的免税政策(即“低值包裹免税”终结),这意味着依赖直邮模式的低价跨境电商将面临最高3倍的税费成本。

诚然,京东的选择也有客观原因,但其本质上是一场关于“品牌溢价”的赌局。

从竞争格局看, 亚马逊在欧洲电商市场占据主导地位,但近年来因佣金上涨、流量成本攀升,大量欧洲本土品牌正在寻找新渠道。

OTTO、Zalando等平台虽然分流了一部分需求,但在履约效率和用户体验上仍有短板。

Joybuy的“211限时达”已覆盖英国伦敦、伯明翰,法国巴黎,德国科隆、杜塞尔多夫,荷兰阿姆斯特丹、鹿特丹等30余个欧洲核心城市,超4000万人可享受“上午下单、下午收货”的服务——这是其差异化竞争的核心筹码。

而京东物流能力已经成熟,将这套能力输出到海外,是京东物流从“成本中心”向“利润中心”跃迁的关键路径。

财报数据显示,一季度京东物流的收入达到了605.8亿元,同比增长29%,经调整净利润10.5亿元,同比增长40.1%。其“一体化供应链”收入292.2亿元,外部快递快运收入313.6亿元,“双轮驱动”格局也已经成型。

Joybuy的开放平台模式预计将为品牌提供两种履约选择:一是入仓使用京东物流,二是品牌自行直发。这正是京东物流能力的一次“标准化封装”。

而京东的“精选”策略,与其在国内市场的定位一脉相承。

京东从来不是“低价”的代名词,而是“品质+效率”的代表。

将这一心智复制到欧洲,Joybuy的目标不是与Temu争夺价格敏感型用户,而是成为亚马逊之外的“高净值选项”。一个让品牌方愿意长期投入、让消费者愿意持续选择的平台。

3

一场不能输的“第二曲线”

要理解Joybuy开放平台业务,需要把它放回京东的整体棋局中。

国内基本盘增长已经放缓。数据显示,京东年度活跃用户突破7.4亿,季度活跃用户连续十个季度双位数增长。

但所有人都知道,7.4亿已经接近中国电商用户的天花板。

京东零售的经营利润率和经营利润虽创历史新高(经营利润率5.6%),但这建立在“极致降本”的基础上:履约开支占比上升、营销开支同比增45.8%、研发投入同比增59%。

这些数字说明,京东正在用短期利润换取长期壁垒,而壁垒的“变现出口”之一,就是国际化。

而刘强东对国际化的执念,也已经持续了十余年。

2014年,他在京东内部年会上说:“我心里还有最后一个梦就是国际化,这个梦实现了,我也该退休回家抱孙子了。”

去年6月,他在小范围媒体分享会上再次表态:“京东未来最重要的业务就是国际业务。”他甚至表示,希望尽快把国内业务交给CEO许冉,自己全职去做国际业务。

这种执念的背后,是一道清晰的商业算术题:京东的商业模式,核心是“供应链效率”。

在国内,这套效率已经卷到了极致。库存周转天数38.3天、应付账款周转天数59.7天,每一个百分点提升都需要巨大的技术和资本投入。

在欧洲,京东的“智狼仓”将拣货效率提升4倍,211时效在30余城落地。

这些“中国能力”的迁移,本质上是在一个效率洼地复制成熟模型,边际成本递减、边际收益递增。

更关键的是,京东正有望通过收购德国零售巨头CECONOMY(估值约22亿欧元,折合人民币超180亿元),获取欧洲本土的线下门店网络和供应链积累。

公开资料显示,CECONOMY在欧洲拥有超过1000家线下门店,Joybuy的线上平台有望与其线下网络形成“全渠道”协同。

京东选择CECONOMY,凸显出其海外并购目标的一致性:优先复制自身在国内消费电子领域起步的经验和路径。

4

结语

Joybuy“自营+开放平台”的模式,表面是业务模式的延伸,实质是京东国际化战略从“基建期”向“变现期”的加速过渡。

Joybuy用“精选市场”的轻资产逻辑,试图在欧洲讲一个“亚马逊替代方案”的新故事。

这个故事能否成立,也许取决于三个变量:优质品牌卖家的招募速度、本地履约成本的控制、以及与CECONOMY的整合深度。

毕竟,正如刘强东所说:"京东这种模式一干就得10年、20年,要让欧美消费者接受中国品牌。"

京东在海外三个月,就走了在国内近 20年积累的路。但在海外能否顺利落地,让我们拭目以待。

注:文/关注新商业的,文章来源:商业数据派(公众号ID:business-data),本文为作者独立观点,不代表亿邦动力立场。

文章来源:商业数据派

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