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刘强东一声令下 京东几十万兄弟集体改行

李响 2026-06-29 09:51
李响 2026/06/29 09:51

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本文核心讲了刘强东带领京东布局全球机器人售后维保服务,切入机器人出海产业的新动作,核心干货如下:

1. 当前行业现状:近两年国内机器人出海增速极快,但全行业都卡在售后难题上,跨国维修周期长达半个月到一个月,运费甚至高于维修费,严重影响用户口碑,很多品牌不敢出海。欧洲市场人力成本高,机器人需求大,但售后配套严重缺失。

2. 京东的落地动作:国内已经推出机器人售后“120”标准:1分钟响应、2小时上门、当日修好,未来五年计划培养十万名专业机器人售后工程师;已经在欧洲核心城市落地JoyRobocare服务,小故障上门解决,大故障当日次日修好,未来将拓展到全球更多区域。

3. 行业趋势:未来机器人行业竞争会从拼本体参数,转向拼全链条服务能力,覆盖广泛的服务网络会成为核心竞争力。

本文梳理了机器人品牌出海的痛点与新机会,核心干货总结如下:

1. 消费趋势与行业痛点:当前国内机器人出海整体增速快,欧洲市场因为老龄化严重、人力成本高,对各类机器人需求旺盛,是非常大的增量市场。但全行业都被售后问题卡住,跨国维修周期长、成本高,严重影响品牌口碑,制约品牌出海扩张。

2. 可落地的合作机会:京东已经打通了从国内工厂下线、跨境运输、欧洲海外仓配送、安装调试、维修保养到设备回收的全链条服务,在欧洲建成了本地化的维修中心和服务团队,机器人品牌可以直接接入京东服务体系,专注研发生产,解决出海后端的所有麻烦。

3. 竞争趋势提示:机器人行业下半场已经开启,比拼的是全链条海内外落地的综合能力,只有绑定靠谱的配套服务方,才能快速抢占海外市场,建立品牌优势。

本文披露了机器人出海赛道的新机会与风险,给相关卖家的核心干货如下:

1. 增量市场机会:当前全球机器人产业快速发展,欧洲市场因为人力成本高企,机器人普及需求爆发,行业整体出海增速快,但售后配套服务几乎是空白,存在巨大的市场机会。

2. 可对接的资源与模式:京东已经在欧洲落地JoyRobocare机器人维修服务,同时拥有成熟的跨境物流、海外仓网络,做机器人出海的卖家可以接入京东的服务体系,由京东承担本地化售后、物流等全链路服务,大大降低出海门槛和运营成本。

3. 风险与机会提示:未来机器人行业竞争已经从拼本体参数转向拼全链条服务能力,单独出海的卖家如果没有配套服务能力,会在竞争中处于劣势,尽快绑定成熟的服务网络,才能抓住这一轮出海增长的红利。

本文梳理了机器人生产工厂可把握的商业机会与发展启示,核心干货如下:

1. 产品生产设计需求:当前全球市场对多品类机器人需求旺盛,除了物流机器人,家庭陪伴机器人、教育机器人、工业协作机械臂、巡检机器狗、安防无人机等品类都有很大的市场缺口,欧洲市场需求尤其旺盛,工厂可以对应调整产能与产品布局。

2. 商业合作机会:京东已经建成覆盖欧洲的全链条出海服务体系,从运输、仓储到售后回收都可以承接,国内机器人生产工厂可以和京东达成深度合作,接入其服务网络,只需要专注产品生产研发,出海后端的所有问题都由京东解决,大大降低出海的风险与成本。

3. 数字化与出海启示:工厂可以参考这种“重产品、轻后端”的思路,借助第三方成熟的服务网络,快速拓展海外市场,降低自身的运营压力。

本文梳理了机器人服务赛道的痛点、趋势与可行方案,给相关服务商的核心干货如下:

1. 当前行业核心客户痛点:无论是出海的国内机器人品牌,还是全球的机器人终端用户,都面临机器人售后维保难的问题,跨国维修周期长、成本远高于维修费,没有成熟的本地化维保网络,这个痛点是全行业共有的,还没有玩家很好解决。

2. 行业发展趋势:机器人行业已经进入下半场,竞争核心从本体硬件研发转向全链条服务能力比拼,售后维保等配套服务会成为机器人产业的核心基础设施,市场空间非常广阔。

3. 可参考的成熟解决方案:京东的模式已经经过验证,它依托自身全球最大机器人买家之一的身份,通过海量内部采购先在自有设备上打磨维保经验,输出标准化流程,再大规模培养复合型工程师,搭建本地化服务网络,对内支撑自身业务,对外赚钱,这种模式可规模化复制,竞争力很强。

本文介绍了京东布局机器人服务平台的思路,给平台商的核心干货总结如下:

1. 市场需求:当前机器人出海产业快速发展,全行业都对能提供全链条服务的第三方平台有强烈需求,尤其是售后维修环节,几乎所有出海机器人品牌都无法单独解决,市场缺口很大,是新的增长点。

2. 可借鉴的平台做法:京东依托自身原有跨境物流、海外仓网络,补上售后维修环节,拼合了全链条服务能力;依靠自身海量机器人采购需求,积累维保经验打磨标准化流程,再对外赋能;同时投入巨资培养复合型工程师,搭建本地化团队,构建了很深的技术护城河,差异化优势非常明显。

3. 风向提示:机器人配套服务是未来重要的行业风口,平台商可以提前布局相关能力,核心要抓住人才培养和本地化能力搭建这两个关键点,才能构建难以模仿的竞争壁垒,规避同质化竞争的风险。

本文梳理了全球机器人产业的新动向与创新商业模式,给研究者的核心干货如下:

1. 产业新动向与新问题:当前全球机器人产业已经进入发展下半场,竞争焦点从最初的本体硬件参数比拼,转向全链条综合服务能力的比拼,售后维保能力已经成为制约机器人产业发展和出海扩张的核心问题,行业规则正在重塑。

2. 创新商业模式:京东推出的“机器人救护车”服务,是一种产业基础设施型的商业模式创新,这套体系既是支撑京东自身海外物流体系运转的内部服务,也是对外盈利的第三方商业服务;形成了内部海量采购打磨经验、再反哺外部客户的飞轮效应,护城河很深,难以模仿。

3. 产业研究启示:京东的布局证明,未来机器人产业的竞争不再是单点的产品竞争,而是全链路生态的竞争,本地化服务网络和人才储备会成为核心竞争力,这种中国服务出海的新模式,为产业出海提供了新样本,具备很高的研究价值。

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Quick Summary

This article outlines Liu Qiangdong (Richard Liu) and JD.com’s new move to expand into the global robot after-sales maintenance sector amid China’s robot export boom. Key takeaways:

1. Current industry status: China’s robot exports have grown extremely rapidly over the past two years, but the entire industry is held back by after-sales challenges. Cross-border repair takes 15 to 30 days on average, and shipping costs often exceed the cost of the repair itself, severely damaging user reputation and discouraging many brands from expanding overseas. The European market, which has high labor costs and strong robot demand, suffers from a severe lack of after-sales infrastructure.

2. JD.com’s implementation: In China, the company has already launched its "120" robot after-sales standard: 1-minute response, 2-hour on-site service, and same-day repair. It plans to train 100,000 professional robot after-sales engineers over the next five years. It has already rolled out its JoyRobocare service in core European cities: minor faults are resolved on-site, while major faults are fixed same-day or next-day, with plans to expand to more global regions in the future.

3. Industry trend: Future competition in the robot industry will shift from competing on hardware specifications to competing on full-chain service capabilities, and a broad coverage service network will become the core competitive advantage.

This article summarizes the pain points and new opportunities for robot brands expanding overseas. Key takeaways:

1. Consumption trends and industry pain points: China’s overall robot export growth is strong at present. The European market, driven by severe aging and high labor costs, has strong demand for all types of robots, making it a large incremental market. However, the entire industry is constrained by after-sales issues: long cross-border repair cycles and high costs severely damage brand reputation and limit overseas expansion.

2. Actionable cooperation opportunities: JD.com has already built out a full-chain service covering everything from factory rollout in China, cross-border transportation, European overseas warehouse delivery, installation and commissioning, repair and maintenance, to end-of-life equipment recycling. It has established localized repair centers and service teams in Europe. Robot brands can directly access JD.com’s service system, focus on R&D and production, and offload all backend burdens of going overseas.

3. Competitive trend note: The second half of the robot industry has arrived, and competition now centers on comprehensive full-chain cross-market execution capabilities. Only by partnering with a reliable service provider can brands quickly capture overseas market share and build brand advantages.

This article discloses new opportunities and risks in the robot export track, with key takeaways for relevant sellers:

1. Incremental market opportunity: The global robot industry is growing rapidly, and the European market is seeing exploding demand for robot adoption due to sky-high labor costs. While overall industry export growth is strong, after-sales supporting services are almost non-existent, leaving enormous market opportunity.

2. Connectable resources and models: JD.com has already launched its JoyRobocare robot repair service in Europe, and it also operates a mature cross-border logistics and overseas warehouse network. Sellers pursuing robot exports can access JD.com’s service system, letting JD.com handle end-to-end localized services including after-sales and logistics, greatly lowering entry barriers and operating costs for going overseas.

3. Risk and opportunity note: Future competition in the robot industry has already shifted from competing on hardware specifications to competing on full-chain service capabilities. Independent sellers expanding overseas without supporting service capabilities will be at a competitive disadvantage. Partnering with a mature service network as early as possible is the only way to capture the dividends of this round of export growth.

This article summarizes the business opportunities and development insights available to robot manufacturing factories. Key takeaways:

1. Product development and production demand: The global market has strong demand for multiple robot categories. In addition to logistics robots, there are large market gaps for household companion robots, educational robots, industrial collaborative robotic arms, inspection robot dogs, security drones and other products, with particularly strong demand in the European market. Factories can adjust their production capacity and product layout accordingly.

2. Business cooperation opportunities: JD.com has built a full-chain export service network covering Europe, able to handle everything from transportation and warehousing to after-sales and recycling. Chinese robot manufacturing factories can form in-depth cooperation with JD.com, access its service network, and focus exclusively on product production and R&D, while JD.com handles all backend issues for overseas expansion, greatly reducing the risk and cost of going overseas.

3. Digitalization and export insight: Factories can adopt the "focus on product, outsource backend" approach, leverage third-party mature service networks to quickly expand into overseas markets, and reduce their own operating pressure.

This article summarizes the pain points, trends and feasible solutions for the robot service track, with key takeaways for relevant service providers:

1. Core current industry pain points: Both Chinese robot brands expanding overseas and global end robot users face the same difficulty of robot after-sales and maintenance: long cross-border repair cycles, costs far exceeding repair fees, and a lack of mature localized maintenance networks. This industry-wide pain point has not yet been properly solved by any player.

2. Industry development trend: The robot industry has entered its second half, and the core of competition has shifted from hardware R&D to full-chain service capability. After-sales and maintenance supporting services will become core infrastructure for the robot industry, with enormous market potential.

3. A proven mature solution for reference: JD.com’s model has been validated. Leveraging its status as one of the world’s largest robot buyers, JD.com first refined its maintenance experience on its own fleet of robots via massive in-house procurement, standardized its processes, then trained large numbers of multi-skilled engineers to build a localized service network. The model supports JD.com’s internal operations while generating external revenue, is scalable and highly competitive.

This article introduces JD.com’s approach to building a robot service platform, with key takeaways for platform operators:

1. Market demand: The robot export industry is growing rapidly, and the entire industry has strong demand for third-party platforms that can provide full-chain services. Especially for the after-sales repair link, almost no exporting robot brand can solve the problem independently, leaving a huge market gap and new growth opportunity.

2. Replicable platform practices: JD.com built out its full-chain service capability by integrating its existing cross-border logistics and overseas warehouse network with the new addition of after-sales repair. It accumulated maintenance experience and standardized processes via its own massive robot procurement demand, then opened up the capability to external partners. At the same time, it has invested heavily in training multi-skilled engineers and building localized teams, creating deep technical moats and clear differentiated advantages.

3. Trend note: Robot supporting services will be a major industry windfall in the future. Platform operators can build relevant capabilities in advance; the core is to grasp the two key points of talent training and localized capability building, to build hard-to-replicate competitive barriers and avoid the risk of homogenized competition.

This article summarizes new trends and innovative business models in the global robot industry, with key takeaways for researchers:

1. New industry trends and emerging problems: The global robot industry has entered its second phase of development, and the competitive focus has shifted from competing on hardware specifications to competing on full-chain comprehensive service capabilities. After-sales maintenance capability has become a core constraint on industry development and overseas expansion, and industry rules are being reshaped.

2. Innovative business model: JD.com’s "robot ambulance" service is an infrastructure-style business model innovation. This system not only serves as internal support for JD.com’s own overseas logistics operations, but also operates as a profitable third-party commercial service for external clients. It forms a flywheel effect where in-house massive procurement refines operational experience, which then delivers value to external customers, creating a deep, hard-to-replicate competitive moat.

3. Implications for industry research: JD.com’s layout proves that future competition in the robot industry will not be single-point product competition, but full-link ecosystem competition. Localized service networks and talent reserves will become core competitive advantages. This new model of Chinese services going global provides a new sample for industry international expansion, and carries high research value.

Disclaimer: The "Quick Summary" content is entirely generated by AI. Please exercise discretion when interpreting the information. For issues or corrections, please email run@ebrun.com .

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出品 | 电商派Pro作者 | 李响

近两年来,机器人赛道热度持续攀升,互联网大厂纷纷大力布局,但各自的打法明显不同。

阿里走的是广撒网路线,一口气投了逐际动力、宇树科技等多家本体企业,几乎把头部初创公司投了个遍。

美团的出手同样很重,到2026年3月,累计投资的硬科技企业至少43家,其中机器人相关超过30家,被外界戏称为“买下了半壁江山”。

相比之下,京东的思路则有些不一样。

近日,京东在英国贝德福德和德国杜伊斯堡同时启用机器人维修中心,同步推出一项叫JoyRobocare的服务。

这个服务被内部称作“机器人救护车”,欧洲用户买的机器人出了故障,打个电话,工程师会开着维修车上门。

目前主要覆盖英国、德国、法国、荷兰等国家的核心城市,未来会向美洲、亚太和中东扩展。

日前,京东创始人刘强东公开表示,“将来都是机器人送货,根本不需要快递员。”

现在看来,他要的不只是让机器人送货,他想要的是把机器人产业链上从生产、运输、销售,到维修、回收的整条生意都串起来。

而出海的第一站,选在了人力成本极高、商业市场又极其成熟的欧洲。

这一步棋,后面藏着好几层布局。

过去几年中国机器人出海的速度很快。做四足机器狗的,做人形机器人的,做商用服务机器人的,一拨接一拨往外走。

数据好看,增速也猛。

但所有品牌,不管体量大小,都卡在同一个问题上,就是售后。

一台机器人卖到欧洲家庭,如果电机坏了,或者传感器出问题,怎么办?

跨国物流一来一回,运气好半个月,运气差一个月,运费可能比维修费还高。

更要命的是体验,机器人宕机一个月,品牌口碑必然会受到影响。很多企业不是不想出海,是根本不敢,因为售后,太麻烦了。

JoyRobocare或许就是冲着这个去的。

李响了解到,贝德福德维修中心功能分区清楚,备件库、检测区、维修工位,全是专业设备。工程师现场就能拆解机械臂关节,给四足机器人做校准。

消费者买的机器人出问题,小毛病工程师上门辅导调试就能解决,大故障拉回维修中心,当天或次日修好。

这对欧洲消费者来说,无疑是很大的利好。

这只是第一层。

再往下看,京东早几年就在欧洲铺了海外仓和跨境物流网络。

现在补上维修保养,整个海外智能商业的拼图才算真正咬合到一起。从国内工厂下线,跨境运输交给京东物流,到欧洲进海外仓,再由本地配送送到用户手上。

安装调试、使用辅导、日常维养、故障维修,甚至几年后的设备回收,京东都能接住。

这已经不是简单的售后服务了,是把一整条产业流水线,从中国搬到了欧洲。

对合作的机器人企业,这意味着它们可以专心搞研发、造产品,剩下的麻烦事由京东来扛。而且这种扛,是真金白银砸出来的本地化能力。

京东在欧洲挖掘当地维修技师,也从国内抽调经验丰富的工程师过去带队,很多海外仓的一线员工,原本是搬货拣货的,现在也开始接受机器人维修培训。

一个人既懂仓储流程,又能给搬运机器人做基础保养。这种多面手越多,京东海外网络的运营成本就越低,反应速度就越快。

如果再往深一层想,会发现JoyRobocare根本不打算只修物流机器人。

京东公布的服务范围很大,家庭的陪伴机器人,学校的教育机器人,商场的导览机器人,工厂产线上的协作机械臂,变电站的巡检机器狗,甚至安防用的无人机,全在它的维修清单上。

他们自己无人仓里的智狼搬运机器人、无人车、分拣机械臂,一样需要这群工程师日常维养。

这套机器人救护车体系,既是对外赚钱的商业服务,也是保障京东自己海外物流体系平稳运转的内部支撑。

顺着这个角度,可以发现,京东下了一盘非常大的棋。

欧洲现在最头疼的是人力。老龄化严重,年轻人不愿意干体力活,仓储物流和制造业招人越来越难,用工成本持续攀升。

机器人的需求已经摆在那里,但还缺一个能让人放心用的后勤系统。

京东在这个时间点布局,刚好顶上了这个缺口。这等于在告诉欧洲市场,企业可以放心大规模启用机器人,京东会负责让它们持续运转,不会闲置。

行业竞争的规则也在跟着变。

前两年大家比硬件参数,比谁的机器人跑得快,谁负重强,谁融资多。现在下半场开始了,拼的是一整套软硬件一体、海内外同步落地的综合能力。

单点突出早就不够了,企业必须有本事把运输、仓储、安装、维修、回收这条长线完整跑通。

哪家企业在海外能提供这种配套服务,哪家就能快速圈住品牌客户,形成绑定。

京东正在做的,就是让自己变成机器人出海的基础设施,一种不可或缺的产业基座。

这个基础设施最核心的燃料是人。

京东在这方面的投入,大得有点不像一家搞服务起家的公司。

据了解,京东在国内先推出了机器人售后服务的“120”标准,1分钟响应,2小时上门,当日修好。

目前,北京等多个城市已经落地,紧接着会铺开八家全国性的机器人维修中心,招数千名专业工程师,前期投入的资金超过两个亿。

更引人注目的是后面的规划,公开信息显示,京东未来五年要培养十万名工程师,全部聚焦在机器人、智能家居这些新兴品类的售后维修上。

这不是一个简单的培训计划,几乎是在为整个行业造血。

京东跟众擎、松延动力、云深处、智元这些头部机器人企业都签了深度合作协议。这些公司的产品卖到欧洲,售后直接接入京东的服务体系。

工程师需要懂机械结构,懂电子电路,还要懂软件调试。面对一台陌生的新型号机器人,经过系统培训很快就能上手诊断和维修。这种复合型技术队伍一旦形成规模,就是一条很深的护城河。

今年4月,北京亦庄举办的人形机器人半程马拉松,是一次很好的公开演练。几百台形态各异的机器人摇摇晃晃跑在路上,有的刚起步就摔了,有的电机过热,有的掉螺丝。

京东的机器人救护车就在赛道边全程跟着,换电池、紧关节、紧急散热、现场抢修,一天下来最终保障了绝大多数参赛机器人跑完全程。

这场赛事像一次压力测试,把未来城市里可能出现的机器人服务需求,浓缩到了一起。京东用行动证明了这套模式跑得通,而且可以规模化复制。

现在,同样的能力搬到了欧洲。

场景从北京亦庄的跑道,换成了鹿特丹的仓库、伦敦的社区和杜伊斯堡的工厂。

国内培养的工程师一批批飞往欧洲,跟当地技师混编组队,把维修中心变成技术输出的前哨站。

那些欧洲本土员工再回到各自国家,带出更多徒弟,一张覆盖整个欧洲的服务网络就会慢慢长出来。

这种人才和知识的跨境流动,才是京东出海最难模仿的地方。

还有一点容易被忽略,京东自己就是全球最大的机器人买家之一。

去年10月,京东物流公布了未来五年将采购300万台机器人,100万辆无人车、10万架无人机。

这是一个极其巨大的数字。这意味着京东既是服务商,又是超级客户。

而大批量采购让维修团队可以在内部设备上先练手,积累海量的维保数据和经验。这些数据和经验打磨出的标准化流程,再反哺给外部品牌客户。

这种内部循环加外部赋能的飞轮,一旦转起来,会形成很强的竞争优势。

很难想象一家纯粹的第三方维修公司,能有机会拿到如此大规模、多品类、高强度的内部实战机会。

回头再琢磨刘强东那句话,将来都是机器人送货。

或许将来不光是机器人送货,整个商业世界都会被机器人重新组装一遍。家庭、工厂、医院、街道,到处都会跑着不同形态的机器人。

这些机器要一直保持运转,就得有一张随时响应、覆盖广泛的维修服务网。京东想做的,就是那个织网的人。

接下来的行业大戏,恐怕将不再围绕机器人本体展开,而是聚焦于“服务力”的终极较量。

到那时,谁的服务网更密、响应更快,谁就能笑到最后。

注:文/李响,文章来源:电商报(公众号ID:kandianshang),本文为作者独立观点,不代表亿邦动力立场。

文章来源:电商报

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