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京东、抖音坐不住了 扎堆砸钱开医院

小孟 2026-06-08 09:12
小孟 2026/06/08 09:12

邦小白快读

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这篇文章梳理了当前国内互联网大厂扎堆布局医疗赛道的最新动向,核心干货如下:

1. 当前赛道整体格局:AI健康线上爆发后,大厂纷纷从线上延伸到线下重资产实体医疗,京东、抖音都砸钱开医院,阿里也在加码AI医疗,医疗赛道军备竞赛已经开启,赛道整体规模达十万亿级,是互联网大厂新的增长点。

2. 头部玩家布局情况:字节跳动从2020年入局,以“买+建”方式累计投入超170亿,目前规划投资60亿在北京建国际化AI驱动的三级医院,同时已经通过收购控股了多家中高端医疗机构,布局进度快、投入激进;京东布局医疗超过十年,从医药电商逐步延伸到线下,近年陆续开门诊、细胞治疗医院,控股大型综合医院,走务实路线,盈利增长质量很高。

3. 行业提示:医疗赛道具备高门槛、严监管、长周期特征,不是快钱生意,考验参与者的定力和耐心。

本文梳理了头部互联网大厂在医疗健康赛道的布局逻辑,能给布局医疗赛道的品牌商提供不少参考,核心干货如下:

1. 赛道趋势:当前医药电商市场增速连年放缓,原有线上模式增长见顶,AI+线下实体医疗成为新的增长方向,十万亿级的市场规模吸引头部大厂纷纷加码,消费端对高品质线下医疗服务、AI赋能的便捷医疗服务需求越来越旺盛。

2. 可参考的品牌布局路径:一种是字节跳动的路径,先掌握权威医疗内容流量,搭建线上入口,再逐步参股、控股核心医疗机构,最终落地大型高端医院,主打AI+国际化定位,走激进扩张路线;另一种是京东的路径,从自身原有电商优势出发,优先布局体检、医美、门诊等变现效率更高的领域,逐步延伸到重资产医院,走务实稳健路线,已经实现了利润的高速增长。

3. 风险提示:医疗赛道高门槛、严监管、长周期,品牌布局需要做好长期投入的准备,无法快速获得回报。

本文披露了医疗健康赛道的最新发展动向,能给想切入医疗赛道的卖家提供机会参考和风险提示,核心干货如下:

1. 新的增长机会:当前医药电商增速放缓,AI医疗+线下实体医疗成为行业新的增长方向,其中妇儿、肿瘤、医美、无创早筛、细胞治疗等细分领域需求刚性、商业价值高,变现效率也比较高,是值得切入的优质赛道。

2. 可参考的发展路径:如果有流量和资本优势,可以参考字节的“买+建”路径,先布局医疗内容和线上入口积累流量,再通过参股试水线下,最终收购控股核心医疗机构,打造AI+实体的业务闭环;如果资源相对有限,可以参考京东的路径,从标准化、易变现的体检、门诊等业态切入,依托原有流量优势逐步拓展,再逐步加码重资产业务,风险更低。

3. 风险提示:医疗赛道具备高门槛、严监管、长周期的特点,不存在赚快钱的可能,需要做好长期布局的准备,不能急功近利。

互联网大厂扎堆布局AI+实体医疗赛道,给医疗相关工厂带来了新的商业机会,也提供了数字化转型的启示,核心干货如下:

1. 新的商业机会:当前头部大厂重点布局实体医院、AI医疗、高端医疗服务,带动了妇儿医疗、肿瘤诊疗、医美、细胞治疗、泛癌种早筛等多个细分领域的产业链需求,对应医疗器械、医疗耗材、配套服务的生产工厂,将获得更多与大厂合作、拓展市场的机会。

2. 产品生产和设计方向:现在大厂都在主打AI驱动的智慧医疗,工厂在产品研发设计阶段,需要适配AI医疗场景的新需求,提升产品的数字化、智能化适配能力,贴合市场新的变化。

3. 数字化和电商转型启示:工厂可以对接头部大厂的医疗布局,依托大厂平台的流量和信任优势,探索线上线下结合的业务模式,拓展新的销售渠道;同时要注意医疗赛道长周期的特征,提前做好长期布局、长期合作的准备,不要追求短期快速回报。

本文梳理了医疗赛道的最新发展趋势,给医疗相关服务商明确了行业方向和客户需求,核心干货如下:

1. 行业发展趋势:国内医疗赛道已经完成了从纯线上互联网医疗到线上AI+线下实体深度结合的转型,头部玩家都开始加码重资产实体医疗布局,AI医疗已经进入规模化落地的成熟阶段,目前美国超过80%的医生已经在工作中使用AI,国内AI医疗的渗透速度也在快速提升。

2. 新技术方向:医疗垂直大模型是当前行业的核心技术方向,头部大厂都在推出自研的医疗大模型,并且以实体医院作为场景闭环和数据引擎,打磨AI产品,AI已经实现了医院全场景覆盖,对AI技术落地配套服务的需求越来越大。

3. 客户痛点和机会:当前原有医药电商增长见顶,头部玩家都在寻找新的业务增长点,同时普遍面临AI医疗落地缺场景缺配套的需求,服务商可以围绕实体医院数字化改造、AI医疗场景落地配套等方向开发解决方案,对接大厂的需求,拓展自身业务。

头部互联网大厂布局医疗赛道的路径和经验,给平台商布局医疗业务提供了多方面参考,核心干货如下:

1. 市场需求变化:当前用户和商家对平台医疗业务的需求,已经从最初的线上问诊、在线卖药,升级为覆盖线上线下的全链条医疗服务,同时对AI赋能医疗服务的需求越来越高,平台需要适应这种需求变化调整业务布局。

2. 可参考的布局路径:如果有充足的流量和资本,可以参考字节的路径,从医疗内容入口切入,逐步整合线下实体资源,打造AI+实体的业务闭环;如果追求稳健,可以参考京东的路径,从自身原有医药相关业务逐步延伸,优先布局变现效率高的标准化业态,再逐步落地重资产医院,风险更低。

3. 风向规避:医疗赛道属于高门槛、严监管、长周期的领域,不适合赚快钱,平台布局需要合理控制投入节奏,优先从细分领域切入验证模式,再逐步加码重资产业务,避免前期投入过大陷入被动。

本文梳理了国内互联网大厂入局医疗赛道的最新动向,总结了不同玩家的商业模式,对产业研究具备较高的参考价值,核心干货如下:

1. 产业新动向:当前国内医疗赛道出现了结构性新变化,原本以线上为主的互联网医疗,正在逐步向线下重资产实体医疗延伸,AI医疗与实体医疗深度结合成为行业新趋势,国内头部互联网大厂先后入局,不同玩家采取了不同的布局策略。

2. 行业新问题:一方面,传统医药电商市场规模增速连年放缓,互联网大厂需要新的业务板块造血;另一方面,医疗赛道虽然整体规模达十万亿级,但是具备高门槛、严监管、长周期的特征,对玩家的资源储备和长期定力都是极大的考验。

3. 典型商业模式总结:目前行业已经形成三种典型模式,分别是字节跳动“内容流量+分步收购控股+AI+实体”的重资产扩张模式,京东“从医药电商延伸→易变现业态切入→逐步落地重资产”的稳健务实模式,阿里“依托超级入口整合线上资源”的轻资产模式,三种模式各有优劣,长期发展效果有待后续观察。

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Quick Summary

This article outlines the latest moves of China's major internet platforms that are all rushing to enter the healthcare sector, with key insights below:

1. Current sector landscape: After the boom of online AI-enabled healthcare, leading platforms are expanding from online services into capital-heavy offline physical healthcare. JD and Douyin have both poured investment into opening hospitals, while Alibaba is ramping up its AI healthcare efforts, launching an all-out arms race in the sector. The 10-trillion-yuan market has become a new growth engine for China's internet giants.

2. Layout of top players: ByteDance entered the space in 2020, and has invested over 17 billion yuan via a combination of acquisitions and new construction. It is currently planning a 6 billion yuan investment to build an international AI-powered tertiary hospital in Beijing, and has already acquired controlling stakes in multiple mid-to-high-end medical institutions, marking an aggressive, fast-paced expansion. JD, by contrast, has worked in healthcare for over a decade, expanding gradually from pharmaceutical e-commerce into offline operations. In recent years, it has opened clinics, cell therapy hospitals and acquired controlling stakes in large general hospitals, following a pragmatic approach that has delivered high-quality profit growth.

3. Industry takeaway: The healthcare sector has high entry barriers, strict regulatory requirements, and requires long-term investment. It is not a get-rich-quick business, and tests the resolve and patience of all participants.

This article sorts out the layout logic of leading Chinese internet giants in the healthcare sector, offering actionable insights for brands entering the space. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. Sector trend: Growth in the traditional online pharmaceutical e-commerce market has slowed for years, with the original online growth model hitting a ceiling. AI combined with offline physical healthcare has emerged as the new growth direction. The 10-trillion-yuan market size has drawn major capital increases from leading internet platforms, as consumer demand for high-quality offline medical services and AI-enabled convenient care grows steadily.

2. Reference brand layout paths: One option is ByteDance's path: first capture traffic through authoritative medical content, build an online entry point, then gradually take minority and controlling stakes in core medical institutions, before finally opening a large high-end hospital positioned as an AI-powered international facility, representing an aggressive expansion strategy. The other path is JD's approach: leveraging its original e-commerce advantages to prioritize higher-monetization segments such as physical checkups, medical aesthetics and outpatient clinics before gradually expanding into capital-heavy hospital operations. This pragmatic, steady path has already delivered rapid profit growth.

3. Risk warning: Healthcare is a high-barrier, strictly regulated, long-cycle sector. Brands planning to enter must prepare for long-term investment, as quick returns are not possible.

This article reveals the latest developments in the healthcare sector, offering opportunity references and risk warnings for sellers looking to enter the space. Key insights are as follows:

1. New growth opportunities: As growth in pharmaceutical e-commerce slows, AI healthcare combined with offline physical care has become the industry's new growth direction. Segments including women's and children's health, oncology, medical aesthetics, non-invasive early screening, and cell therapy have rigid demand, high commercial value and strong monetization efficiency, making them attractive segments for new entrants.

2. Reference development paths: If you have advantages in traffic and capital, you can follow ByteDance's "acquisition + new build" path: first build out medical content and online entry points to accumulate traffic, test offline operations via minority stakes, and ultimately acquire controlling stakes in core medical institutions to build a closed AI-physical business loop. If your resources are more limited, you can follow JD's path: start with standardized, easily monetized formats such as physical checkups and outpatient clinics, expand gradually leveraging your existing traffic advantages, and increase investment in capital-heavy operations over time, which carries lower risk.

3. Risk warning: Healthcare features high barriers, strict regulation and long investment cycles. There is no opportunity for quick profits, so players must prepare for long-term布局 rather than seeking short-term gains.

The wave of major Chinese internet platforms rushing into the AI-enabled physical healthcare sector brings new business opportunities and digital transformation insights for medical-related manufacturing factories. Key takeaways are as follows:

1. New business opportunities: Leading internet giants are currently focusing on layout in physical hospitals, AI healthcare, and high-end medical services, driving industrial chain demand across multiple segments including women's and children's healthcare, oncology treatment, medical aesthetics, cell therapy, and pan-cancer early screening. Medical device, medical consumable and supporting service manufacturers will gain more opportunities to partner with large platforms and expand their market reach.

2. Product R&D and design direction: Major players are all focusing on AI-powered smart healthcare. Factories need to adapt their R&D and design to the new demands of AI healthcare scenarios, improve their products' digital and intelligent compatibility, and align with new market shifts.

3. Insights for digital and e-commerce transformation: Factories can partner with leading platforms' healthcare initiatives, leverage the traffic and trust advantages of large platform ecosystems to explore online-offline integrated business models and open new sales channels. At the same time, they should note the long-cycle nature of the healthcare sector, prepare for long-term布局 and long-term partnership, rather than chasing short-term quick returns.

This article sorts out the latest development trends in the healthcare sector, clarifying industry direction and customer demand for healthcare-related service providers. Key insights are as follows:

1. Industry development trend: China's healthcare sector has completed its transition from pure online internet healthcare to deep integration of online AI and offline physical care. Top industry players are now scaling up their investment in capital-heavy physical healthcare布局, and AI healthcare has entered a mature stage of large-scale adoption. More than 80% of physicians in the United States already use AI in their daily work, and AI adoption is accelerating rapidly in China as well.

2. New technology direction: Vertical large language models for healthcare are the core technology focus of the current industry. All leading internet giants have launched self-developed large healthcare models, and use physical hospitals as closed scenario loops and data engines to refine their AI products. AI now covers all hospital scenarios, and demand for supporting services to enable AI deployment is growing rapidly.

3. Customer pain points and opportunities: With growth in traditional pharmaceutical e-commerce hitting a ceiling, leading players are all searching for new growth drivers, and generally face a lack of available scenarios and supporting services for AI healthcare deployment. Service providers can develop solutions focused on digital transformation for physical hospitals and supporting services for AI healthcare scenario deployment, meet the demand of large platforms, and expand their own business.

The layout paths and experience of leading Chinese internet giants in the healthcare sector offer multi-dimensional references for marketplace platforms looking to build their own healthcare business. Key insights are as follows:

1. Shifting market demand: User and merchant demand for platform healthcare services has evolved from the original online consultations and online pharmaceutical sales to full-chain healthcare services covering both online and offline channels, while demand for AI-enabled healthcare services continues to grow. Platforms need to adjust their business布局 to adapt to this shifting demand.

2. Reference layout paths: If you have abundant traffic and capital, you can follow ByteDance's path: start from a medical content entry point, gradually integrate offline physical resources, and build a closed AI-physical business loop. If you prefer steady growth, you can follow JD's path: expand gradually from your original pharmaceutical-related business, prioritize standardized, high-monetization segments, and roll out capital-heavy hospital operations over time, which carries lower risk.

3. Risk mitigation: Healthcare is a high-barrier, strictly regulated, long-cycle sector that is unsuitable for quick profit chasing. Platforms should pace their investment reasonably, validate their business model by starting from niche segments before gradually scaling up investment in capital-heavy operations, to avoid being caught in a passive position from excessive early spending.

This article outlines the latest developments of China's major internet platforms entering the healthcare sector, summarizes the business models adopted by different players, and offers high reference value for industrial research. Key insights are as follows:

1. New industry developments: China's healthcare sector is currently undergoing structural shifts. Originally dominated by online-only internet healthcare, the industry is gradually expanding into capital-heavy offline physical healthcare, and the deep integration of AI healthcare and physical healthcare has emerged as the new industry trend. China's top internet giants have all entered the space, with different players adopting distinct layout strategies.

2. Emerging industry challenges: On one hand, growth in the traditional pharmaceutical e-commerce market has slowed for consecutive years, forcing internet giants to seek new business segments for new revenue. On the other hand, while the overall healthcare market reaches 10 trillion yuan in size, it features high barriers, strict regulation, and long investment cycles, placing huge demands on players' resource reserves and long-term resolve.

3. Summary of typical business models: The industry has now formed three typical business models: ByteDance's "content traffic + step-by-step acquisition and controlling stake + AI + physical" heavy-asset expansion model; JD's steady and pragmatic model of "expanding from pharmaceutical e-commerce → entering easily monetized segments → gradually rolling out heavy-asset operations"; and Alibaba's asset-light model of "leveraging a super entry point to integrate online resources". All three models have their respective strengths and weaknesses, and their long-term performance remains to be observed.

Disclaimer: The "Quick Summary" content is entirely generated by AI. Please exercise discretion when interpreting the information. For issues or corrections, please email run@ebrun.com .

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出品 | 电商派Pro作者 | 小孟

近年来,互联网大厂医疗赛道越来越热闹,并且这把火已经从线上逐渐烧到了线下。

一边是线上的AI健康助手们纷纷冒头。

春节前后,蚂蚁集团旗下一款叫“阿福”的健康应用突然爆发,除夕前连续多天霸占App Store总榜第一,直接点燃了赛道。

国内,百度、字节、腾讯闻风而动,争相在AI健康领域有新动作。国外,远在大洋彼岸的OpenAI也坐不住了,推出ChatGPT Health赶来入局。

另一边,是实打实的医疗重资产落地。

今年,京东旗下的综合性门诊望京店开业后,又一家聚焦前沿细胞治疗的医院落地;抖音旗下全资子公司持股的医院也悄然公示了一期工程方案,60亿医疗大项目曝光。

一场医疗赛道的军备竞赛,已全面打响。

这期间,最引人注目的大概就是选择实体入局的京东和字节。

而字节又是其中的重中之重。

自2020年以来,字节跳动以"买+建"的方式,累计砸下的真金白银保守估计已超过170亿元人民币,是几大互联网巨头中在实体医疗领域投入最为激进的一家。

此次披露的60亿大项目,背后便是字节企图落地一家大型国际化医院的野心。

据了解,该医院为一家三级综合中外合资营利性医院,由抖音集团全资子公司持股,名为北京爱瑞国际化医疗综合体,总投资约60亿元,占地11.37公顷,规划总建筑面积22.4万平方米,预计2029年底全面建成投入使用。

同时,该医院还被定位为"国际化+AI智慧驱动"的新型医院,外籍医生占比不低于20%,以火山引擎为基座构建AI医疗平台。

此外,据Tech星球披露,字节上海“小荷门诊部”即将落地,同样作为其重要的医疗实体布局。

同时,天眼查资料显示,重庆小荷信息科技有限公司也于近日成立,股东信息显示,该公司由抖音旗下小荷智慧(上海)科技有限公司全资持股。

回顾历史,字节跳动虽然是几个互联网巨头里最晚动手做医疗的,但是进度很快。小孟按时间线梳理了一下它的动作,每一步都有它的内在逻辑。

第一步,先把内容抓在手里。

2020年,字节开始涉水健康赛道。这一年字节主要干了两件事:买内容、建入口。

5月,字节花了几个亿全资收购“百科名医网”,这是国家卫健委权威医学科普项目唯一指定的网站。8月,又收购了互联网医疗公司“幺零贰四”,原百度副总裁吴海锋带着团队加入,直接成立了字节的大健康业务部门。

9月,推出医疗健康品牌“小荷医疗”,APP也跟着上线。年底,其第一家线下诊所“松果门诊”被媒体曝光正在筹建。

第二步,给线上流量找个线下的实体。

线上的科普和咨询做得再好,真要看病做手术,还是得去医院。2021年,字节开始给流量找落地的场景。

1月,小荷健康全资控股了之前的松果医疗,“松果门诊”改名为“小荷门诊”,品牌统一了。

9月,小荷健康入股了高端的妇儿医院“美中宜和”,持股约17.57%,成了第二大股东;同时,还入股了专注肿瘤领域的“宏达爱瑞”,它旗下有北京美中爱瑞肿瘤医院。

妇儿和肿瘤,是医疗服务里需求刚、价值高的两个领域。这一步,等于是在线上问诊和线下严肃医疗之间,架起了一座桥。

第三步,花大价钱拿下“核心阵地”。

参股可能只是试试水温,但全资控股就是真的下决心了。

2022年4月,对宏达爱瑞的持股比例直接拉到91%,几乎全盘拿下;6月,在经历了三次增资后,字节最终斥资上百亿元,全资控股了美中宜和。

上百亿的真金白银投下去,说明在字节的战略里,这门生意是必须自己下场深耕的重生意。

此外,字节的目光也投向更前沿的领域。其苏州的无创泛癌种早筛项目瞄准“防未病”,2024年底又成立注册资本7.34亿元的新医疗管理公司,由抖音全资持股,被看作是为更大规模的实体医院铺路。

相较于字节,京东在医疗领域的动作显得更轻。

今年的4月和5月,京东先后落地了两个医疗业态。

一个是京东健康综合门诊望京店。该门诊位于朝阳区望京街万科时代中心,面积达5030平方米。这是京东首次把专业体检、口腔诊疗和医美三大核心服务集成在一家门店里。

另一个是京东健康朗健维细胞治疗医院。该医院是京东旗下的首个生命科学医疗平台,主攻精准检测、细胞存储、细胞应用、功能医学等前沿领域。

把时间往回拨,京东做医疗已经超过十年。

2014年,医疗健康开始作为京东的独立类目运营。2016年1月,第三方药品零售平台上线,5月京东大药房亮相,此时的京东还是那个最熟悉的角色——医药电商。

关键的转折发生在2017年,药品批发平台“药京采”和京东健康互联网医院先后上线,一脚跨入了互联网医疗。2019年5月,京东健康独立运营。2020年12月,京东健康在香港联交所成功上市。

2023年,京东的实体医疗机构开始集中亮相。6月,与宿豫区政府合作的宿豫医院开业;7月,超3600平方米的体检中心亦庄店开业;同年,体检中心宿迁店也投入使用。

2024年,京东完成了一个质的飞跃——第一次真正控股了一家大型综合医院。

当年1月,京东健康获准收购唐山弘慈医疗管理有限公司剩余股权,从而间接控制了唐山市中心医院。从线上的轻问诊,到拥有一家实体大医院,这是其医疗服务能力的直接补充。

2025年,京东首家自营医美诊所在亦庄开业,医美业务接入app主站、小程序也同步上线,把电商积累的“信任”带到了信息极不对称的医美行业。

从标准化的体检中心、可复制的综合门诊,到自营的医美诊所,再到最新的细胞治疗医院。可以看出,京东属于务实派,优先攻占变现效率更高的阵地。

数据也证实了京东的战略富有成效。

2026年一季度,京东健康营收同比增长17%,经营盈利同比大涨70.4%,利润增速大于营收增速,增长的质量极高。

当然,阿里也是赛道里的资深玩家。

只不过,阿里开医院的玩法仍是线上的模式。阿里健康互联网医院是阿里健康旗下的重要业务板块,其通过支付宝、淘宝等超级应用入口,整合全国数万名公立医院医生资源,为用户提供在线问诊、处方开具、药品配送等一站式医疗服务。

当然,聊巨头们的医疗布局就不得不聊AI。目前,AI医疗已成为全球的大热赛道,并逐渐走向规模化落地和成熟应用时期。

美国医学会发布的2026年调查显示,在美国超过80%的医生在工作中使用AI,较2023年已翻倍。

实际上,京东和字节的实体医疗布局,本质上也属于深耕AI医疗领域的自然延展。

某种程度上,字节开医院的目标之一就是以AI原生医院为试验田,实现火山云+豆包大模型与临床数据的深度融合,将其作为AI医疗的"场景闭环"和"数据引擎"。京东健康AI则从分诊起步,2023年发布自研医疗大模型“京医千询”,此后推出“AI京医”“京东卓医”等产品,并全面开源,目前已实现医院全场景覆盖。

而阿里体系内的AI医疗布局主要通过阿里健康和蚂蚁集团两条线展开。据阿里健康2025年、2026财年财报披露,阿里明确提出加大AI医疗大模型方向的投入。

今年5月,阿里健康发布了医学垂直领域大模型"氢离子",面向医生群体。同时,蚂蚁集团也实施"三端一体"医疗AI战略,打造了面向医院、医生、用户的医疗AI服务生态。

对于电商巨头们来说,一方面,医药电商市场规模增速连年放缓,玩家们在健康赛道需要AI医疗等新的赋能业务来造血;另一方面,医疗这个十万亿级别的赛道对于顶级玩家们又有着天然的吸引力。

一推一拉之间,入局便是自然而然的事。

总的来看,在AI浪潮的席卷下,医疗这个难啃的硬核赛道正在重新焕发生机。不过,医疗赛道高门槛、严监管、长周期的特质,注定了这不是一场快钱生意。而接下来,才是真正考验各家定力和耐心的时候。

注:文/小孟,文章来源:电商报(公众号ID:kandianshang),本文为作者独立观点,不代表亿邦动力立场。

文章来源:电商报

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