【亿邦原创】3月4日消息，美国时间2025年3月3日，特朗普正式签署行政命令，修订其2月1日发布的第14195号行政命令第2（a）条，删除“10%”一词，并插入“20%”一词代替。这意味着美国对中国进口商品的加征关税从10%再度提高到20%。
该行政命令已于美东时间3月4日00:01正式生效，对应北京时间3月4日下午13:01正式生效。
据悉，这是继2月1日美国对华加征10%关税后，本年度第二次提高关税税率，叠加此前“301调查”所实施的25%关税，中国输美商品最高综合税率将高达45%。
商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员周密表示，特朗普此举会增加外国商品进入美国的成本，其不利后果最终要由美国消费者和零售商承担；而且，美国加征关税会增加经济复苏的风险，将对各国包括美国造成非常不利的后果和影响。
而中国外交部发言人林剑则于2月28日表示：美方再次以芬太尼问题为借口，威胁对中国输美产品加征关税，中方对此强烈不满，坚决反对，将采取一切必要措施坚定维护自身正当利益；中方反复声明，贸易战、关税战没有赢家。美方单方面加征关税严重违反世贸组织规则，损害两国和全球利益。
同日，美国对墨西哥、加拿大进口商品加征25%关税的政策也“按计划”正式生效，涉及墨加输美非能源类商品。此前两国业已宣布反制措施，墨西哥拟采取关税与非关税壁垒，加拿大则拟对1550亿加元美国商品加税25%。
行政令原文如下：
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America,including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act(50 U.S.C.1701 et seq.) (IEEPA),the National Emergencies Act(50 U.S.C.1601 et seq.),section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974,as amended(19 U.S.C.2483),and section 301 of title 3,United States Code,I hereby determine and order:
Section 1.Background.With Executive Order 14195 of February 1,2025(Imposing Duties to Address the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People’s Republic of China),I determined that the failure of the Government of the People’s Republic of China(PRC)to act to blunt the sustained influx of synthetic opioids,including fentanyl,flowing from the PRC to the United States constituted an unusual and extraordinary threat,which has its source in substantial part outside the United States,to the national security,foreign policy,and economy of the United States.To address that threat,I invoked my authority under section 1702(a)(1)(B)of IEEPA to impose ad valorem tariffs on articles that are products of the PRC,as defined by the Federal Register notice described in section 2(d)of Executive Order 14195,as amended by Executive Order 14200 of February 5,2025(Amendment to Duties Addressing the Synthetic Opioid Supply Chain in the People’s Republic of China).
Pursuant to section 3 of Executive Order 14195,I have determined that the PRC has not taken adequate steps to alleviate the illicit drug crisis through cooperative enforcement actions,and that the crisis described in Executive Order 14195 has not abated.
Sec.2.Amendment.In recognition of the fact that the PRC has not taken adequate steps to alleviate the illicit drug crisis,section 2(a)of Executive Order 14195 is hereby amended by striking the words“10 percent”and inserting in lieu thereof the words“20 percent”.
Sec.3.General Provisions. (a)Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i)the authority granted by law to an executive department,agency,or the head thereof;or
(ii)the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary,administrative,or legislative proposals.
(b)This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c)This order is not intended to,and does not,create any right or benefit,substantive or procedural,enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States,its departments,agencies,or entities,its officers,employees,or agents,or any other person.
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 3,2025.
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